American journal of surgery
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Preemptive bupivacaine offers no advantages to postoperative wound infiltration in analgesia for outpatient breast biopsy.
Adequate analgesia is important after surgery and in particular after ambulatory surgery. Preemptive administration of analgesics, ie, prior to commencing surgery, has many theoretical advantages. ⋯ The administration of local anaesthesia prior to starting surgery does not appear to have any advantage over its postoperative administration in patients undergoing ambulatory breast biopsy.
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Surgical education peer-reviewed publications have markedly increased over the last decade. The purpose of this study was to review the surgical education literature published over the last 10 years and address the following questions: What subjects in surgical education tend to be studied? What are the most to least commonly employed research designs and statistics? Has there been a change in how research data are collected? Where are these studies published? ⋯ An analysis of the surgical education literature demonstrates the growing emphasis on the use of educational research to explore relevant issues and problems. Descriptive research is most popular, with an increasing trend in experimental research. Publication of educational research in peer-reviewed surgical journals is becoming more popular. This study informs those interested in the surgical education research literature of current trends, and what they need to know for a more critical appraisal of this body of literature.
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Translocation of intestinal bacteria to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) has been documented in humans under a variety of circumstances, yet its clinical significance remains to be established. The aim of this study was to correlate detectable translocation to MLNs of bacteria and endotoxin with local and systemic signs of inflammation. ⋯ Translocation to MLNs occurs in patients with cecal carcinoma. This, however, seems not to be of major clinical significance if no additional physiologic insults are encountered. Irrespective of the presence of bacteria, there are variations in inflammatory reactions between lymph nodes from one and the same patient, probably reflecting fluctuating response mechanisms to low-grade translocation.