Journal of sport rehabilitation
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Clinical Scenario: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a medical emergency characterized by body core temperatures >40.5°C and central nervous system dysfunction. An EHS diagnosis should be immediately followed by cold-water immersion (CWI). Ideally, EHS victims cool at a rate >0.15°C/min until their temperature reaches 38.9°C. ⋯ Clinicians must be able to treat all EHS victims, regardless of gender, with CWI, given its high survival rate when implemented appropriately. Strength of Recommendation: Moderate evidence (2 level 3 studies) suggests that females cool faster than males when treated with CWI following severe hyperthermia. Despite gender differences, cooling rates exceeded cooling rate recommendations for EHS victims (ie, 0.15°C/min).
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The Effect of Pain Neuroscience Education on Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Clinical Recommendations Toward Athletes With Chronic Pain.
Context: Pain education is a fundamental part of a holistic approach to athlete injury management. Objective: To investigate the effect of pain neuroscience education (PNE) on sports therapy and rehabilitation students (1) knowledge of persistent pain, (2) attitudes toward athletes with persistent pain, and (3) clinical recommendations for athletes with persistent pain. Design: Parallel groups, single-blind randomized control trial. ⋯ In addition, students in the PNE group were more likely to make appropriate clinical recommendations (odds ratio [OR]; 95% CI) regarding return-to-work (OR = 6.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 32.3; P = .03), exercise (OR = 10.7; 95% CI, 2.6 to 43.7; P ≤ 01), and bed rest (OR = 4.3; 95% CI, 1.5 to 12.8; P = 01). Conclusion: A brief PNE session can, in the immediate term, increase sports therapy and rehabilitation students' knowledge of pain neuroscience, improve attitudes toward athletes with pain, and shift their clinical recommendations in line with current guidelines. Such changes could lead to enhanced rehabilitation for athletes with persistent pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Short-Term Effects of Kinesio Taping® on Electromyographic Characteristics of Paraspinal Muscles, Pain, and Disability in Patients With Lumbar Disk Herniation.
Context: Kinesio taping® (KT) is a therapeutic modality frequently used in the clinical practice for the treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders. It is often applied in patients with chronic low back pain to decrease pain and improve functional capacity. However, it is not known, whether thoracolumbar fascia KT technique can decrease back pain, restore normal activity of paraspinal muscles, and improve functional capacity in patients with lumbar disk herniation (LDH). ⋯ Results: KT application did not affect the lumbar multifidus and longissimus thoracic muscles flexion-relaxation and extension-relaxation ratios, lower back pressure pain thresholds, back flexion ROM, and back extension force (no group × time interaction [GTI]). KT and placebo taping comparably decreased disability level (time effect: F1,36 = 22.817, P < .001; GTI: F1,36 = 0.189, P = .67), average pain (time effect: F1,36 =39.648, P < .001; GTI: F1,36 = 2.553, P = .12), and the worst pain (time effect: F1,36 = 36.039, P < .001; GTI: F1,36 = 0.003, P = .96) intensity. Conclusion: Seven-day KT does not normalize lumbar paraspinal muscle function and is not superior to placebo in reducing disability and pain intensity in patients with LDH.