Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialIntraoperative ketorolac is an effective substitute for fentanyl in children undergoing outpatient adenotonsillectomy.
In this prospective randomized double-blind study, we compared the incidence of emesis and 48-h recovery profiles after a single dose of ketorolac vs fentanyl in dexamethasone-pretreated children undergoing ambulatory adenoidectomy and laser-assisted tonsillectomy (ADLAT). We evaluated the hypothesis that avoiding the use of opioids and replacing them with an equianalgesic dose of ketorolac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, would reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). ⋯ Ketorolac showed no advantage over fentanyl in reducing the incidence of PONV in children undergoing ADLAT.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialNeuromuscular recovery following rocuronium bromide single dose in infants.
Rocuronium bromide, a steroid nondepolarizing muscle relaxant, has a rapid onset and an intermediate duration of action in infants, children and adults. However, clinical evidence shows a longer duration of recovery in small infants. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of age on rocuronium recovery during the first year of life. ⋯ Recovery of muscle relaxation using rocuronium bromide under isoflurane anesthesia in infants differs widely and shows great differences between age groups as well as dose regimen. A dose of 0.6 mg.kg(-1) resulted in a significantly longer duration of action in group A. The reduced dose of 0.45 mg.kg(-1) resulted in rapid and good relaxation in all infants without very long lasting effects. Reduced doses of rocuronium should be used in newborns and small infants.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe cardiac analgesic assessment scale (CAAS): a pain assessment tool for intubated and ventilated children after cardiac surgery.
This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Cardiac Analgesic Assessment Scale (CAAS) as a postoperative pain instrument for children after cardiac surgery. ⋯ This study provides evidence that postoperative pain in sedated and intubated children after cardiac surgery can be assessed reliably using a formal pain tool.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2004
Review Case ReportsManaging sedation withdrawal in children who undergo prolonged PICU admission after discharge to the ward.
Children who undergo a prolonged stay within the intensive care unit require adequate sedation and analgesia. During the recovery phase there will need to be a period of sedation withdrawal to prevent occurrence of an abstinence syndrome. We present a strategy developed within our hospital for managing this process which uses the resource of the Pain Service, along with guidelines to help prevent the development of withdrawal, and a plan for managing any signs of abstinence which occur.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of caudal vs intravenous tramadol administered either preoperatively or postoperatively for pain relief in boys.
In this study we compared caudal with intravenous (i.v.) tramadol given pre- or postoperatively for pain relief in boys having hypospadias repair. ⋯ Caudal tramadol provides better and longer lasting postoperative analgesia than i.v. tramadol. These results also suggest that preoperative caudal tramadol did not provide any clinically perceptible benefits compared with postoperative caudal tramadol.