Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jun 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialOral ketamine premedication can prevent emergence agitation in children after desflurane anaesthesia.
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether oral ketamine premedication affected the incidence of emergence agitation in children. ⋯ Oral ketamine premedication reduced the incidence of postanaesthesia emergence agitation in children without delaying recovery.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jun 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA comparison between single- and double-breath vital capacity inhalation induction with 8% sevoflurane in children.
This study was conducted to determine if a double-breath (DB) vital capacity (VC) rapid inhalation induction using immediate high-inspired concentration of sevoflurane is as well tolerated as a single-breath (SB) technique and if it results in a shorter induction time. ⋯ Double-breath VC inhalation induction with 8% sevoflurane is as well tolerated as a SB technique and results in a faster onset of anaesthesia.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jun 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialAssessment of tracheal intubating conditions in children using remifentanil and propofol without muscle relaxant.
Tracheal intubation in children can be achieved by deep inhalational anaesthesia or an intravenous anaesthetic and a muscle relaxant, suxamethonium being widely used despite several side-effects. Studies have shown that oral intubation can be facilitated safely and effectively in children after induction of anaesthesia with propofol and alfentanil without a muscle relaxant. Remifentanil is a new, ultra-short acting, selective mu-receptor agonist that is 20-30 times more potent than alfentanil. This clinical study was designed to assess whether combination of propofol and remifentanil could be used without a muscle relaxant to facilitate tracheal intubation in children. ⋯ We conclude that remifentanil (3 microg.kg(-1)), administered before propofol (3 mg.kg(-1)) provides acceptable tracheal intubating conditions in children, and completely inhibited the increase in HR and MAP associated with intubation.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jun 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialAnalgesic effect of clonidine added to bupivacaine 0.125% in paediatric caudal blockade.
Caudals are a common method of providing pain relief in children undergoing surgery. Clonidine, an alpha(2) agonist, exhibits significant analgesic properties. The current investigation sought to determine whether caudal clonidine added to caudal bupivacaine would decrease pain in paediatric patients undergoing surgery. ⋯ We do not recommend adding clonidine (2 microg.kg(-1)) to a bupivacaine (0.125%) caudal block in children undergoing surgery.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jun 2004
Case ReportsA case of propofol toxicity: further evidence for a causal mechanism.
A 5-month-old boy required sedation after a cleft lip repair. He was sedated with propofol and intermittent fentanyl, requiring escalating doses over the subsequent 48 h. ⋯ His multisystem organ failure gradually resolved after initiation of charcoal haemoperfusion. Further investigation demonstrated an abnormality in acylcarnitine metabolism, similar to that found in one previous case report.