Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2005
Economic evaluation of ondansetron vs dimenhydrinate for prevention of postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery.
Although rarely life-threatening, postoperative vomiting (POV) is a distressing complication. The incidence of POV ranges from 34 to 90% in children undergoing strabismus surgery when antiemetics are not administered prophylactically. ⋯ This study should serve as a pilot for a large-scale investigation on the correlation between the length of stay in the PACU and the antiemetic agent used.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2005
Clinical TrialThe correlation of the Narcotrend Index with endtidal sevoflurane concentrations and hemodynamic parameters in children.
The Narcotrend Index (NI) of anesthetic depth is potentially a pharmacodynamic measure of the effects of sevoflurane on the brain. ⋯ In children, nonsteady-state eT(Sevo) concentrations are more closely related with NI than with MAP or HR. In this study, only NI reliably differentiated consciousness from unconsciousness.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialSingle-dose dexmedetomidine reduces agitation and provides smooth extubation after pediatric adenotonsillectomy.
Dexmedetomidine has shown sedative, analgesic, and anxiolytic effects after intravenous (IV) administration. Sevoflurane is associated with a high incidence of emergence agitation in preschool children. In this placebo-controlled study, we examined the effect of single dose dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. ⋯ We conclude that 0.5 microg.kg(-1) dexmedetomidine reduces agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialA randomized-controlled study of ultrasound prelocation vs anatomical landmark-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein in infants and children.
A specifically designed ultrasound scanner may be helpful in percutaneous cannulation of the internal jugular vein in pediatric patients. We report a new two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound prelocation (UL) technique using a transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) intraoperative probe instead of the portable scanner, and have compared the new technique with conventional anatomical landmark method (AL) for central venous catheterization in infants and children. ⋯ Two-dimensional ultrasound prelocated central venous catheterization in infants and children is convenient and can markedly increase cannulation success rate and reduce the incidence of complications.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2005
The temperature and humidity of inspired gases in infants using a pediatric circle system: effects of high and low-flow anesthesia.
The effects of low-flow anesthesia on the temperature and humidity of the inspired gas in infants during mechanical ventilation is unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the temperature and humidity of the inspired gas in infants using a pediatric circle absorber system with high and low fresh gas flow (HFGF and LFGF) anesthesia. ⋯ Low-flow anesthesia with a pediatric circle system in infants neither increases the temperature of the inspired gas, nor achieves the minimum humidity of 50% reported to prevent ciliary damage, although the humidity during LFGF did increase threefold compared with HFGF. To maintain the temperature and humidity of the inspired gas during mechanical ventilation in infants, passive or active gas humidification should be used.