Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2006
Case ReportsProlonged use of dexmedetomidine in an infant with respiratory failure following living donor liver transplantation.
We used dexmedetomidine for more than 2 months in a mechanically ventilated infant without serious adverse effects. An infant with liver cirrhosis of unknown cause underwent living donor liver transplantation at the age of 9 months. Long-term mechanical ventilation was required postoperatively, and midazolam with fentanyl had been used to sedate the patient. ⋯ He was extubated 10 weeks after the operation. Dexmedetomidine was successfully tapered off over the following 2 weeks with no signs of withdrawal. Dexmedetomidine was a useful sedative for an infant who required mechanical ventilation for a prolonged period of time.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2006
Randomized Controlled TrialLidocaine pretreatment for the prevention of propofol-induced transient motor disturbances in children during anesthesia induction: a randomized controlled trial in children undergoing invasive hematologic procedures.
We examined the effect of lidocaine pretreatment before propofol administration on the incidence of transient motor disturbances and on propofol requirements for anesthesia induction in infants and children undergoing repeated painful diagnostic and therapeutic hematological procedures. ⋯ Because lidocaine pretreatment before the induction of propofol-based anesthesia decreases propofol-induced motor disturbances, lowers hypnotic requirements and reduces pain at the injection site, without inducing untoward events, thus improving children's and parental acceptance, it should become standard practice in infants and children undergoing repeated painful diagnostic and therapeutic hematological procedures.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2006
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyProspective, randomized comparison of laryngeal tube and laryngeal mask airway in pediatric patients.
While reports of the use of laryngeal mask airway (LMA)-Classic in great patient numbers are available, data on the use of the laryngeal tube (LT) in this age group is limited. The two devices are compared in a prospective randomized trial to evaluate success rates and quality of airway seal. ⋯ Insertion success rate is high with both LMA and LT in the age group studied. The airway leak pressure, serving as an estimate to judge quality of airway seal, is higher with the LT.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2006
Review Historical ArticlePediatric cardiac surgery: an historical appreciation.
Many of the early, classic pediatric cardiac surgical operations were named after their originators. Some of these continue to be performed in the original form, many in modified form and some are obsolete. The development of many of these important early operations is reviewed and they are placed in the context of their times.