Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · May 2007
Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in infants. A survey of members of the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used as perioperative analgesics. Many are currently used off label. Diclofenac is currently licensed for use in children over 1 year of age for the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, while ibuprofen is licensed for use in children weighing over 7 kg. The dose and interval in children is currently extrapolated from adult studies, as the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data are lacking in infants. ⋯ Members of the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland commonly prescribe NSAIDs in infants. This is despite the dearth of PK and PD data in this age group.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · May 2007
Comparative Study Clinical TrialHemodynamic and respiratory changes following dexmedetomidine administration during general anesthesia: sevoflurane vs desflurane.
The current study evaluates the hemodynamic and respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) when administered to children anesthetized with sevoflurane (SEVO) or desflurane (DES). ⋯ The administration of DEX (0.5 microg x kg(-1)) results in a lower HR in patients anesthetized with SEVO compared with DES. No evidence was found for differences in sBP, dBP, or P(E)CO(2) during spontaneous ventilation with 1 MAC of SEVO vs DES.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · May 2007
Clinical TrialAEP-monitor/2 derived, composite auditory evoked potential index (AAI-1.6) and bispectral index as predictors of sevoflurane concentration in children.
Level of anesthesia may be predicted with the auditory evoked potential or with passive processed electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters. Some previous reports suggest the passive EEG does not reliably predict level of anesthesia in infants. The AAI-1.6 is a relatively new index derived from the AEP/2 monitor. It combines auditory evoked potentials and passive EEG parameters into a single index. This study aimed to assess the AAI-1.6 as a predictor of level of anesthesia in infants and children. ⋯ This preliminary study suggests AAI-1.6 is a poor predictor of sevoflurane concentration in infants and children.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · May 2007
Clinical TrialPropofol and remifentanil for deep sedation in children undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a combination of propofol and remifentanil deep sedation in spontaneously breathing children less than 7 years of age undergoing upper and/or lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. ⋯ The combination of propofol and remifentanil for sedation in children undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy can be considered safe, effective and acceptable.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · May 2007
Does bronchopulmonary dysplasia change the postoperative outcome of herniorrhaphy in premature babies?
Inguinal hernia is a common surgical condition in premature neonates. Because of physiological immaturity, they can present with lung-related diseases, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which may influence the time for operation and the postoperative outcome after hernia repair. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of BPD in the outcome of premature infants who underwent herniorrhaphy. ⋯ These data suggest that all premature infants, with or without BPD, should be treated with equal concern regarding the possibility of postoperative pulmonary complications.