Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialHow many parents should we let into the operating room?
This study compared anxiety of children with one and two parents present at anesthesia induction. ⋯ We conclude that while allowing two parents into the operating rooms does not affect observed child anxiety, it does reduce parent self-reported anxiety. As the presence of multiple parents during invasive medical procedures is in congruence with family centered-care we recommend that institutions examine this modality.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2009
ReviewAnesthetic considerations for major burn injury in pediatric patients.
Major burn injury remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. With advances in burn care and with the development of experienced multi-disciplinary teams at regionalized burn centers, many children are surviving severe burn injury. ⋯ These children provide several anesthetic challenges, such as difficult airways, difficult vascular access, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, altered temperature regulation, sepsis, cardiovascular instability, and increased requirements of muscle relaxants and opioids. The anesthesia provider must understand the physiologic derangements that occur with severe burn injury as well as the subsequent anesthetic implications.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2009
Muscle relaxant use for tracheal intubation in pediatric anaesthesia: a survey of clinical practice in Germany.
Aim of this Germany-wide study was to evaluate the use and application customs of neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs) for tracheal intubation in children of age 5 years or younger. ⋯ In Germany, mivacurium, with its favorable pharmacologic profile for short cases, is the predominantly used NMBD for pediatric tracheal intubation. Despite the known adverse effects of intubation without muscle relaxation, this technique is also wide-spread, especially among German anesthetists in ambulatory anesthesia centers. Surveys like these are important to determine a status quo of use and application customs of NMBDs in pediatric anesthesia and provide a basis for numerous other studies.
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The alpha2 agonist clonidine has become a popular drug for premedication in children. Effects and pharmacokinetics after oral, rectal, and intravenous administration are well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the absorption pharmacokinetics of clonidine nasal drops in children. ⋯ Clonidine nasal drops are erratically absorbed from the nasal mucosa and, thus, this mode of drug administration is not recommended for premedication purposes.