Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Nov 2011
Alterations of acid-base balance, electrolyte concentrations, and osmolality caused by nonionic hyperosmolar contrast medium during pediatric cardiac catheterization.
This prospective clinical observational study was conducted to investigate the effects of contrast medium on acid-base balance, electrolyte concentrations, and osmolality in children. Background: For pediatric cardiac catheterization, high doses of nonionic hyperosmolar contrast medium are widely used. ⋯ Regarding the differential diagnosis of metabolic disturbances after pediatric cardiac catheterization, low-anion gap metabolic acidosis and hyponatremia should be considered as a possible side effect of the administered contrast medium.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Nov 2011
ReviewAnesthetic management of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula.
This article reviews (a) risk factors and preoperative considerations of the patient with tracheoesophageal fistula, (b) anesthetic management, including (i) airway management, (ii) induction of anesthesia and monitoring and (iii) postoperative disposition, (c) considerations for concomitant congenital heart disease, (d) considerations for thoracoscopic repair and (e) long-term outcomes and considerations of the patient with repaired esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Nov 2011
Comparative StudyComparison of epinephrine vs lipid rescue to treat severe local anesthetic toxicity - an experimental study in piglets.
Local anesthetic (LA) intoxication with severe hemodynamic compromise is a potential catastrophic event. Lipid resuscitation has been recommended for the treatment of LA-induced cardiac arrest. However, there are no data about effectiveness of Intralipid for the treatment of severe cardiovascular compromise prior to cardiac arrest. Aim of this study was to compare effectiveness of epinephrine and Intralipid for the treatment of severe hemodynamic compromise owing to bupivacaine intoxication. ⋯ For the treatment of severe hemodynamic compromise owing to bupivacaine intoxication in piglets, first-line rescue with epinephrine was more effective than Intralipid with regard to survival as well as normalization of hemodynamic parameters and ET(CO2) .
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Nov 2011
Minimum alveolar concentrations of sevoflurane for maintaining bispectral index below 50 in children.
To determine minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane for maintaining bispectral index (BIS) below 50 (MAC(BIS50) ) in children. ⋯ MAC(BIS50) of sevoflurane in children was calculated to be three times as high as in adults. This indicates that high endtidal sevoflurane concentration is required to suppress electroencephalogram activity in children.