Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialDexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication of pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia.
Dexmedetomidine, an α(2)-receptor agonist, provides sedation, analgesia, and anxiolytic effects, and these properties make it a potentially useful anesthetic premedication. In this study, we compared the effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam on mask induction and preoperative sedation in pediatric patients. ⋯ Intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam are equally effective in decreasing anxiety upon separation from parents; however, midazolam is superior in providing satisfactory conditions during mask induction.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2012
Hemodynamic changes during spinal anesthesia in premature infants with congenital heart disease undergoing inguinal hernia correction.
There are conflicting reports on the effects of spinal anesthesia (SA) on hemodynamics. Data on the hemodynamic effects of SA in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) are limited. ⋯ The data suggest that SA with 1 mg·kg(-1) of either hyperbaric tetracaine or bupivacaine can be used safely as the sole anesthetic for inguinal hernia repair in infants with noncyanotic CHD even when fluid restricted and apparently causes minimal respiratory complications in these infants.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialOnset time for pharmacologic premedication with clonidine as a nasal aerosol: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.
OBJECTIVES/AIM: To investigate whether nasal aerosol clonidine can reduce the onset time of preoperative sedation. ⋯ Clonidine administered as nasal aerosol (3-8 μg kg(-1)) was not found to achieve adequate preoperative sedation within 30 min of administration. Despite its sedative properties, no prolongation of postoperative sedation was noted compared with placebo.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyDexamethasone versus ondansetron in combination with dexamethasone for the prophylaxis of postoperative vomiting in pediatric outpatients: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
To determine the frequency of postoperative vomiting (POV) in children submitted to outpatient surgery and to compare the efficacy of antiemetic drugs in preventing this complication. ⋯ The prophylactic use of antiemetic drugs failed to reduce the incidence of POV in pediatric outpatient surgery with a low emetic potential; therefore, routine prophylaxis may be unnecessary.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2012
Anesthetic care and perioperative complications of children with Morquio syndrome.
Our objective was to make recommendations based on our experience and findings from this study regarding the anesthetic care of children with Morquio syndrome (MS). We emphasize information not readily available in the Anesthesiology literature. ⋯ Morquio syndrome results in abnormalities of not only upper airway but also of large airways. Information from 83 intubations of 108 anesthetics (in 28 patients) shows a preference for Glidescope when intubating children with MS. Displacing the tongue anteriorly prior to intubation by manual retraction using a ring forceps or a piece of gauze helps to access the larynx in children with MS.