Paediatric anaesthesia
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialDexmedetomidine vs midazolam for premedication of pediatric patients undergoing anesthesia.
Dexmedetomidine, an α(2)-receptor agonist, provides sedation, analgesia, and anxiolytic effects, and these properties make it a potentially useful anesthetic premedication. In this study, we compared the effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam on mask induction and preoperative sedation in pediatric patients. ⋯ Intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam are equally effective in decreasing anxiety upon separation from parents; however, midazolam is superior in providing satisfactory conditions during mask induction.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialOnset time for pharmacologic premedication with clonidine as a nasal aerosol: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.
OBJECTIVES/AIM: To investigate whether nasal aerosol clonidine can reduce the onset time of preoperative sedation. ⋯ Clonidine administered as nasal aerosol (3-8 μg kg(-1)) was not found to achieve adequate preoperative sedation within 30 min of administration. Despite its sedative properties, no prolongation of postoperative sedation was noted compared with placebo.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyDexamethasone versus ondansetron in combination with dexamethasone for the prophylaxis of postoperative vomiting in pediatric outpatients: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
To determine the frequency of postoperative vomiting (POV) in children submitted to outpatient surgery and to compare the efficacy of antiemetic drugs in preventing this complication. ⋯ The prophylactic use of antiemetic drugs failed to reduce the incidence of POV in pediatric outpatient surgery with a low emetic potential; therefore, routine prophylaxis may be unnecessary.