Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialThe effects of dexmedetomidine on early stage renal functions in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac angiography using non-ionic contrast media: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.
In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on early stage renal function in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac angiography. ⋯ Dexmedetomidine may be beneficial in protecting against contrast-induced nephropathy during pediatric angiography by preventing the elevation of vasoconstrictor agents such as plasma endothelin-1 and renin.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of intranasal dexmedetomidine or oral midazolam premedication on sevoflurane EC50 for successful laryngeal mask airway placement in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of oral midazolam (OM) or intranasal dexmedetomidine (IND) on the EC50 of sevoflurane for successful laryngeal mask airway placement in children. We hypothesize that premedication with either agent might reduce the sevoflurane EC50 for laryngeal mask airway placement in children to a similar extent. ⋯ Oral midazolam and IND premedications significantly reduce the sevoflurane EC50 for laryngeal mask airway insertion in children by 17% and 21%, respectively.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2014
Observational StudyMarked changes in platelet count and function following pediatric congenital heart surgery.
Reduced hemostatic capacity is common following congenital heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The etiology is multifactorial with dilutional coagulopathy, as well as platelet adhesion and activation in the CPB circuit and oxygenator. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate platelet count and function in children following CPB. ⋯ Both platelet count and platelet function were significantly reduced after CPB in children undertaken correctional heart surgery. Duration of CPB and hypothermia was associated with significant changes in platelet function.
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Scoliosis surgery in childhood is associated with a range of postoperative complications that may require admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) or high-dependency unit (HDU). ⋯ The authors have identified a significant relationship between preoperative variables and the levels of dependency required postoperatively and have proposed a scoring system which can be used to aid decision-making involving bed planning for patients after corrective scoliosis surgery. However, this work is based on the clinical course of a single set of patients who had surgery in a single tertiary center and has not been tested on patients from other centers.