Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2014
Performance of anesthesia residents during a simulated prone ventricular fibrillation arrest in an anesthetized pediatric patient.
Exposure to rare pediatric anesthesia emergencies varies depending on the residency program. Simulation can provide increased exposure to these rare events, improve performance of residents, and also aid in standardizing the curriculum. ⋯ Anesthesia residents need additional training in recognizing and treating operative ventricular fibrillation, especially in prone patients and rarely encountered etiologies such as hyperkalemia. Training in the treatment of uncommon pediatric emergencies should be a focal point in anesthesia residency programs.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2014
Retrospective evaluation of antimicrobial prophylaxis in prevention of surgical site infection in the pediatric population.
Few studies have been conducted in pediatric patients evaluating efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for prevention of surgical site infection (SSI). This retrospective study was undertaken to determine the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of SSI in children. ⋯ Proper administration of preoperative antibiotics in pediatric patients is one of the few modifiable and significant factors in prevention of SSI.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2014
Impact of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 and 4% gelatin on renal function in a pediatric animal model.
Artificial colloids, frequently used to prevent hemorrhagic shock in children, may induce serious renal side effects in critically ill adult patients. The impact of perioperative colloid infusion on the renal function in adults and children remains unclear. ⋯ In this pediatric animal model, the infusion of moderate doses of artificial colloids was not found to have any relevant impact on renal function. Further clinical investigations are necessary to provide a conclusive assessment of the risk for renal impairment after HES and GEL administration during major pediatric surgery.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2014
Impact of catecholamines in cardiac arrest due to acute asphyxia-a study in piglets.
Early intravenous epinephrine administration may help to achieve return of spontaneous circulation in cardiac arrest (CA). However, venous access can be challenging in small children. This study investigates the effect of intravenous and intramuscular epinephrine in treatment of asphyxial CA. ⋯ Intravenous and intramuscular administered epinephrine led to similar increase in plasma concentrations during resuscitation of asphyxial CA without hemodynamic or survival benefit. High endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine plasma concentrations were negative predictors for survival.