Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · May 2020
Randomized Controlled TrialUltrasonographic evaluation of gastric emptying after ingesting carbohydrate-rich drink in young children: A randomized crossover study.
A recent consensus statement in Europe has suggested that the fasting time for clear liquid in children can be shortened to 1 hour before a surgery. However, the study to show that 1-hour fasting time for clear fluids is safe in young children is still lacking. This study aimed to investigate the gastric emptying time for carbohydrate-rich drink and regular 5% glucose solution in children aged 3-7 years. ⋯ Gastric emptying of carbohydrate-rich drink is slower than that of 5% glucose solution but the residual gastric fluid volume is low one hour after ingestion of 5 mL kg-1 of either fluid.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · May 2020
Randomized Controlled TrialPharmacokinetics of an intravenous bolus dose of clonidine in children undergoing surgery.
Clonidine is used off-label in children but only limited pediatric pharmacokinetic data are available for intravenously administered clonidine. ⋯ Pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were similar for children undergoing general surgery and cardiac surgery given a single dose of intravenous clonidine. These results indicated that no dose reduction is needed in children aged 1 to <2 years compared with those 2-5 years, which was supported by pharmacodynamic observations.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · May 2020
Identifying the core attributes of pediatric communication techniques to be taught to anesthetic trainees.
Anesthetic induction and other procedures performed by anesthetists are potentially stressful for children. Pediatric anesthetists use communication to rapidly establish rapport and engagement with children and reduce anxiety and discomfort. Communication in pediatric anesthesia is increasingly topical, but there is limited discussion regarding which specific techniques should be taught to trainees. ⋯ Within the range of communication techniques being utilized by pediatric anesthetists exist a series of core principles that are essential to engaging and building rapport with children. Focusing on the importance of these common core elements in trainee education, in addition to the range of techniques available, may provide a pragmatic framework for centers providing pediatric anesthesia to consider when designing their trainee curriculum.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · May 2020
Intramuscular Dexmedetomidine and Oral Chloral Hydrate for Pediatric Sedation for Electroencephalography: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.
Intramuscular dexmedetomidine can be used for pediatric sedation without requiring intravenous access and has advantages for electroencephalography by inducing natural sleep pathway, but only a limited number of studies compared the efficacy of intramuscular dexmedetomidine with oral chloral hydrate. ⋯ Intramuscular dexmedetomidine showed higher sedation success rate and shorter time to achieving the desired sedation level compared with oral chloral hydrate and thus may be an effective alternative for oral chloral hydrate in pediatric patients requiring sedation for electroencephalography.