Paediatric anaesthesia
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The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is perhaps one of the most interesting of the tissue plane blocks described recently. There has been an exponential increase in the number of publications for both adults and children over the past 5 years. ⋯ Anatomical differences in children, particularly in neonates and infants, may explain the spread in this age group. In most pediatric studies, erector spinae plane block was opioid sparing, and noninferiority was observed when compared with other regional techniques.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2024
ReviewRegional anesthesia and sickle cell crisis in pediatric patients: An educational-focused review.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited hemoglobinopathy, affecting approximately 100 000 patients in United States and millions worldwide. Although the mainstay of pain management for VOC remains systemic opioids, given the potential for adverse effects including respiratory depression and hypoxemia, there remains interest in the use of regional anesthetic techniques (neuraxial or peripheral nerve blockade). ⋯ The available literature, albeit all retrospective or anecdotal, suggests the potential utility of regional anesthesia to treat pain in patients with SCD. Additional benefits have included avoidance of the potential deleterious physiologic effects of systemic opioids and in one case series, an improvement in respiratory function as judged by pulse oximetry. The anecdotal and retrospective nature of the available reports with an absence of prospective trials limits the evidence based medicine available from which to develop to guidlines for the optimal local anesthetic agent to use, its concentration, the rate of infusion, and the choice of adjunctive agents.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2024
Randomized Controlled TrialIntravenous dexamethasone does not prolong the duration of pudendal nerve block in infants and children undergoing hypospadias surgery: A randomized clinical trial.
The administration of intravenous dexamethasone increases the duration of neuraxial block and improves the quality of analgesia. However, little is known about these effects of dexamethasone on peripheral nerve blocks in children. ⋯ Administration of intravenous dexamethasone did not enhance the duration of pudendal nerve block in infants and children aged 6-36 months who underwent hypospadias surgery.