Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1996
Left ventricular functions are not impaired after lumbar epidural anaesthesia in young children.
We studied the haemodynamic and cardiovascular effects of epidural anaesthesia with plain bupivacaine 0.75 ml.kg-1 in 13 unpremedicated ASA 1 children using measurements of heart rate, blood pressure and M-mode echocardiography. Under general anaesthesia, M-mode echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function in each patient was performed at four points (after general anaesthesia, point A; 5 min, 10 min and 25 min after epidural anaesthesia, point B; point C; and point D, respectively). ⋯ No other M-mode cardiographic indices were changed at any point. Epidural anaesthesia using 0.25% bupivacaine 0.75 ml.kg-1 did not affect LV function in young children.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1995
Case ReportsOrotracheal intubation through the laryngeal mask airway in paediatric patients with Treacher-Collins syndrome.
The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is useful as an airway intubator (conduit) for an intubating tracheal bougie or fibreoptic bronchoscope, over which a tracheal tube is passed. However, in our paediatric patients with Treacher-Collins syndrome, only the latter technique was successful. ⋯ Downward displacement of the epiglottis, which can sometimes impair the intubation technique through the LMA, was not observed in our patients. Partial obstruction of a tracheal tube within the LMA occurred in one of the patients.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialAnticholinergic prophylaxis does not prevent emesis following strabismus surgery in children.
One hundred and twenty-one children were studied in this prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of the effectiveness of anticholinergic prophylaxis for the prevention of emetic symptoms following strabismus surgery. The children were allocated to three groups, to receive placebo (n = 40), glycopyrrolate (n = 40) or atropine (n = 41). ⋯ Thirty percent (12/40) of patients in the placebo group, 25% (10/40) in the glycopyrrolate group, and 22% (9/41) in the atropine group experienced nausea and/or vomiting (difference not significant). It is concluded that prophylactic administration of anticholinergic agents during strabismus surgery in children despite being effective against the occurrence of the oculocardiac reflex, does not reduce the incidence of emetic symptoms.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialSevoflurane elimination kinetics in children.
We compared the rates of elimination of sevoflurane and halothane in 29 children, aged between one and seven years, undergoing ambulatory anaesthesia. Analgesia was provided by fentanyl and muscle relaxation by atracurium. ⋯ The elimination of sevoflurane and N2O give similar types of equations. Halothane elimination gives a logarithmic type of equation, showing a slower release, corresponding to residual tissue content.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1995
The airway endoscopy mask: useful device for fibreoptic evaluation and intubation of the paediatric airway.
A mask is presented which allows the administration of 100% oxygen, inhalational anaesthetics, continuous positive airway pressure and intermittent positive pressure ventilation during diagnostic airway endoscopy and difficult intubation with a fibreoptic bronchoscope in paediatric patients. The mask is particularly useful in small or critically ill patients. It may also have its place in teaching situations.