Paediatric anaesthesia
-
Pain relief for posterior fossa craniotomies as well as occipital neuralgia, are indications for the use of the greater occipital nerve block in children. The greater occipital nerve originates from the C2 spinal nerve and is accompanied by the occipital artery as it supplies the posterior scalp. ⋯ In infants, the greater occipital nerve can be blocked approximately 23 mm from the external occipital protuberance, medial to the occipital artery. This distance is equal to the width of the medial three fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joint of the patient.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2019
Letter Randomized Controlled TrialThe effect of xenon-augmented sevoflurane-anaesthesia on intra-operative haemodynamics and postoperative neurocognitive function in children undergoing cardiac catheterization: a one-year follow up of a randomized controlled pilot trial.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2019
Spinal anesthesia compared with general anesthesia for neonates with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. A retrospective study.
Studies of spinal anesthesia in children are limited to a reduced group of high-risk patients and it remains relatively underused compared with general anesthesia in this age group in most institutions. In our experience, spinal anesthesia appears to be a good alternative to general anesthesia during pyloromyotomy in neonates and infants. ⋯ Spinal anesthesia in neonates with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis undergoing pyloromyotomy was a viable alternative to general anesthesia, reducing the respiratory morbidity associated with the latter.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2019
Lung separation in children: Options and impact on gas exchange and lung compliance.
One-lung ventilation is a challenging airway technique in the pediatric population. Multiple airway devices can be employed, but there is no consensus as to the most reliable and physiologically advantageous method. This report is a review of the methods of one-lung ventilation in children in our practice, as well as an analysis of the impact of airway device type, patient age, and duration of lung separation on respiratory mechanics and gas exchange. ⋯ Our report demonstrates significant changes in lung function during one-lung ventilation. One particular device does not seem to be superior. Though pre-OLV measures of pulmonary function correlate closely with post-OLV, older age and a prolonged duration of one-lung ventilation did impact compliance.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2019
Case ReportsSpinal meningeal cyst in a child with Marfan syndrome: A potential cause for apparent dural puncture during caudal epidural block.
We report a complication from caudal epidural block for anesthesia in a 4-year-old child with Marfan syndrome who was undergoing lensectomy, orchidopexy, and circumcision resulting in apparent accidental dural puncture. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lumbosacral spinal meningeal cyst.