Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Oct 2017
The phenylephrine concentration-response relationship for blood pressure after nasal delivery in children.
Intranasal phenylephrine is commonly used to vasoconstrict the nasal mucosa, reducing bleeding associated with nasotracheal intubation or endoscopic sinus surgery. There are few data quantifying either absorption pharmacokinetics or phenylephrine concentration effect on blood pressure in children. ⋯ Absorption of phenylephrine through the nasal mucosa was rapid and similar to the ophthalmic formulation. Bioavailability was also similar to the ophthalmic formulation. The maximum effect (EMAX ) in children was half that in adults (EMAX 50 mm Hg).
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2017
Impact of endotracheal tube shortening on work of breathing in neonatal and pediatric in vitro lung models.
Work of breathing accounts for a significant proportion of total oxygen consumption in neonates and infants. Endotracheal tube inner diameter and length significantly affect airflow resistance and thus work of breathing. While endotracheal tube shortening reduces endotracheal tube resistance, the impact on work of breathing in mechanically ventilated neonates and infants remains unknown. ⋯ In this in vitro lung model, endotracheal tube shortening had minimal effects on work of breathing. Moreover, the calculated percentage reduction of the total daily energy demand after endotracheal tube shortening was minimal.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Sep 2017
Impact of anesthesiologists on parental perioperative satisfaction scores.
While the focus on patient experience as an important outcome has significantly increased over the past decade, there is paucity of data on predictive factors associated with parental recommendation of a surgical facility to friends and family. ⋯ Parental recommendation of a surgical facility to friends and family depends on a number of variables with the quality of perioperative communication with the anesthesiologist being the most predictive item.