Paediatric anaesthesia
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2016
Review Meta AnalysisAlpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists as adjuncts to peripheral nerve blocks in children: a meta-analysis.
Adult meta-analyses have verified that adjunct use of alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists (A2AA) together with local anesthetics (LA) will prolong the duration of peripheral nerve blocks. The standard use of A2AAs for peripheral nerve blockade has recently been recommended also in children, but the evidence base in support of this suggestion has to date been equivocal. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to produce evidence-based data regarding the effect in children. ⋯ This meta-analysis provides evidence-based support for the use of adjunct alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists when performing peripheral nerve blocks in children.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialA prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of intranasal dexmedetomidine and oral chloral hydrate for sedated auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing.
Dexmedetomidine is increasingly used by various routes for pediatric sedation. However, there are few randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of dexmedetomidine to other commonly used sedatives. ⋯ Intranasal dexmedetomidine is an effective alternative to oral chloral hydrate sedation for ABR testing, with the advantages of a higher incidence of testing completion with a single dose, shorter time to desired sedation level, and with significantly more patients reported to return to baseline activity on the same day.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparison of dexmedetomidine and chloral hydrate sedation for transthoracic echocardiography in infants and toddlers: a randomized clinical trial.
Procedural sedation using chloral hydrate is used in many institutions to improve the quality of transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) in infants and young children. Chloral hydrate has limited availability in some countries, creating the need for alternative effective sedatives. ⋯ Intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 and 3 μg · kg(-1) were found to be as effective for TTE sedation as oral chloral hydrate with similar sedation onset and recovery time and heart rate changes in this study population.