Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2011
The effect of induction of anesthesia and intubation on end-expiratory lung level and regional ventilation distribution in cardiac children.
During the induction of anesthesia, changes in functional residual capacity and ventilation distribution (VD) occur. Although these physiological changes are well investigated in adults, little data are available in infants and children. ⋯ Lung volume and mechanics deteriorate significantly during the induction of anesthesia and remain altered during mechanical ventilation.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2011
Experimental model of laryngotracheal stenosis in infants: effects of different high-frequency jet ventilation patterns on pulmonary parameters.
Supraglottic high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) in laryngotracheal surgery in infants with modified jet laryngoscopes offers the surgeon an unimpaired operating field. However, supraglottic HFJV is associated with the development of high airway pressures, inadvertent positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels, and barotrauma. ⋯ The results from our experimental model support the safe and effective clinical use of supraglottic HFJV in infants with tracheal stenosis. Moderate driving pressures provide acceptable pulmonary pressures in normal compliant lungs.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2011
Correlations between global clotting function tests, duration of operation, and postoperative chest tube drainage in pediatric cardiac surgery.
Systemic coagulation disorders after cardiac surgery represent serious postoperative complications. There have been few reports, however, identifying preoperative coagulation tests that predict postoperative bleeding. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between postoperative hemorrhage and coagulation parameters determined by global coagulation assays, to define potential predictive markers. ⋯ The preoperative CFT and ETP provide useful indices for predicting postoperative chest tube drainage volume. In addition, the duration of surgery also correlated with chest tube drainage and affected ROTEM parameters.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Aug 2011
An analysis of critical incidents relevant to pediatric anesthesia reported to the UK National Reporting and Learning System, 2006-2008.
We aimed to identify and analyze critical incidents relating to pediatric anesthesia from the National Reporting and Learning System (NRLS) in England and Wales. ⋯ We make a number of recommendations for practice. In addition, anesthetists should be encouraged to take ownership and contribute high-quality descriptions of incidents to national systems.