Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialThe effect of ketamine on 0.25% and 0.125% bupivacaine for caudal epidural blockade in children.
Forty boys aged from one to five years undergoing orchidopexy were randomly allocated to receive one of two solutions for caudal epidural injection. Group A received 1 ml.kg-1 of 0.125% bupivacaine with ketamine 0.5 mg.kg-1 and Group B received 1 ml.kg-1 of bupivacaine 0.25% with ketamine 0.5 mg.kg-1. ⋯ The time taken to recover the ability to walk was a median of two h in Group A and three h in Group B (P<0.05). There were no differences between the groups in the incidence of urinary retention or postoperative sedation.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA comparison of two concentrations of bupivacaine and adrenaline with and without fentanyl in paediatric inguinal herniorrhaphy.
This study was designed to determine whether administration of caudal bupivacaine with fentanyl would have any effect on analgesia in paediatric patients undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy repair. Fifty-six outpatient paediatric patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair were evaluated. Patients received, in a randomized manner, 1 ml.kg-1 of either bupivacaine 0.25% or 0.125% with or without fentanyl 1 microg.kg-1. ⋯ The 0.125% bupivacaine group had significantly more patients who received intravenous fentanyl in the PACU than did the other three groups (P<0.001). Increasing the concentration of bupivacaine from 0. 125% to 0.25% increased the incidence of postoperative vomiting. We recommend that clinicians utilize bupivacaine 0.125% with 1 microg. kg-1 fentanyl as the caudal injectate in paediatric patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPostdural puncture headache is not an age-related symptom in children: a prospective, open-randomized, parallel group study comparing a22-gauge Quincke with a 22-gauge Whitacre needle.
Many reports have shown a low incidence of postdural puncture headache (PDPH) and other complaints in young children. The objective of this open-randomized, prospective, parallel group study was to compare the use of a cutting point spinal needle (22-G Quincke) with a pencil point spinal needle (22-G Whitacre) in children. We studied the puncture characteristics, success rate and incidence of postpuncture complaints in 57 children, aged 8 months to 15 years, following 98 lumbar punctures (LP). ⋯ The incidence of PDPH was similar, 15% in the Quincke group and 9% in the Whitacre group (P=0.42). The risk of developing a PDPH was not dependent on the age (r < 0.00, P=0.67). Eight of the 11 PDPHs developed in children younger than 10 years, the youngest being 23-months-old.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialLaryngeal mask airway use in children with acute burns: intraoperative airway management.
Paediatric patients with acute burns often require many operative procedures in short succession; yet due to inhalation injury or recent extubation their airways may be susceptible to tracheal tube induced damage. We proposed the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) as a useful airway management tool in this setting. In this prospective study, 80 eight (88) patients with mean age (+/- SD) of 7.8 +/- 4.7 years and average percentage total body surface area burned (%TBSA) of 21 +/- 18% had their airways managed with an LMA while in the operating room for 141 procedures. ⋯ The other 10 events include arterial desaturation (n = 3), partial laryngospasm (5), airway obstruction (1) and regurgitation without aspiration (1). In each case, corrective action led to resolution of the problem with no patient morbidity. This series demonstrates the LMA is a safe and efficacious airway management device in the paediatric burn population.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Jan 1999
Efficacy and complications of morphine infusions in postoperative paediatric patients.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and the incidence of clinically significant adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in paediatric patients receiving continuous intravenous morphine infusions for acute postoperative pain. Definitions were established for ADRs and data were collected in an immediately retrospective fashion for a maximum of 72 h in 110 patients >/=5 three months of age (0.3-16.7 years) receiving morphine infusions and admitted to a general ward over a three month convenience sampling period. Inadequate analgesia occurred in 65.5% of patients during the first 24 h of therapy and occurred most frequently in patients with infusion rates of 20 microg.kg-1.h-1 or less. ⋯ The most common ADRs associated with morphine infusions were inadequate analgesia (in the first 24 h) and nausea/vomiting. There were no cases of respiratory depression. Methods of avoiding initial inadequate analgesia and treating nausea and vomiting associated with morphine infusions are needed.