American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
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The incidence of gunshot wounds in the civilian population is increasing. Likewise, pregnant women are more frequently sustaining wounds of the abdomen. ⋯ Guidelines for management are suggested. Select patients may be observed if the following conditions are present: mother's condition is stable, the entrance wound is below the fundus of the uterus, the missile can be radiographically demonstrated to be in the uterine cavity, there is a negative abdominal examination, and there is no blood in the urine or gastrointestinal tract.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · May 1989
Comparative StudyCardiac output in women undergoing cesarean section with epidural or general anesthesia.
Cardiac output during cesarean section and for 24 hours after delivery was estimated by using a noninvasive ultrasonic Doppler technique and was compared between term pregnant patients who underwent either epidural or general anesthesia. Cardiac output peaked by 36.7% and 26.3% of baseline values at 15 and 30 minutes after delivery, respectively, with epidural anesthesia and by 28% and 17.2%, respectively, with general anesthesia. ⋯ This study demonstrates a similar pattern of increase in cardiac output with epidural and general anesthesia and a return by 60 minutes to preoperative levels, which persisted for up to 24 hours after delivery. The applicability of this noninvasive technique can be extended in various circumstances during pregnancy, labor, delivery, and the postpartum period to further define cardiac output in pregnancy.