American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
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Domestic violence is the most common cause of injury to women. Obstetrician-gynecologists, who most women consider their primary care physicians, have a unique role in identifying battered women. This study was designed to assess the extent and nature of current training curricula regarding domestic violence education in obstetrics and gynecology residencies. ⋯ The results of this survey highlight deficiencies in the education of obstetrics and gynecology residents about domestic violence. Programs report limited faculty interest, underestimate prevalence, fail to recognize common presentations, and are dissatisfied with their current curriculum. We are not preparing obstetrics and gynecology residents to care for patients with a common problem--domestic violence.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Feb 1995
Preterm premature rupture of membranes and abruptio placentae: is there an association between these pregnancy complications?
Our purpose was to determine whether the incidence of abruptio placentae is increased in pregnancies with preterm premature rupture of membranes and to assess whether certain clinical risk factors in this group predispose them to have abruptio placentae. ⋯ Pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes that are managed expectantly are at significant risk for abruptio placentae. Preterm premature rupture of membranes in such cases is more often preceded by bleeding. These abruptions may predispose the patient to intrapartum fetal distress.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Dec 1994
Receptors for and myometrial responses to oxytocin and vasopressin in preterm and term human pregnancy: effects of the oxytocin antagonist atosiban.
Our purpose was to study myometrial oxytocin and type V1 vasopressin receptors, the in vitro contractile effects of these hormones, and the influence of an oxytocin antagonist. ⋯ The effect of oxytocin on the myometrium in pregnancy is mediated by an oxytocin receptor, whereas vasopressin acts on both oxytocin and vasopressin receptors. The initiation of labor both preterm and at term may be primarily related to increased release of oxytocin, which is locally produced in the uterus and not detectable in the plasma, but oxytocin and vasopressin receptors may play a role in the regulation of labor. The analog 1-deamino-2-D-Tyr(OEt)-4-Thr-8-Orn-oxytocin, which blocks both the oxytocin and the V1 vasopressin receptor, should inhibit labor both preterm and at term, the former confirming results of recent clinical studies in Sweden and the United States.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Dec 1994
Effect of oxytocin antagonists on the activation of human myometrium in vitro: atosiban prevents oxytocin-induced desensitization.
Our purpose was to investigate whether the sensitivity of myometrial cells to oxytocin is affected by prolonged exposure to oxytocin antagonists. ⋯ Atosiban is a pure oxytocin antagonist and has a specific, reversible effect on myometrial cells in vitro. Its potential use for the management or even prevention of idiopathic preterm labor or to reverse uterine hypertony during oxytocin-induced labor should be tested in controlled clinical trials.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Nov 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA prospective, double-blind, randomized comparison of prophylactic intramyometrial 15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha, 125 micrograms, and intravenous oxytocin, 20 units, for the control of blood loss at elective cesarean section.
Our purpose was to compare intramyometrial 15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha with intravenous oxytocin for controlling blood loss at elective cesarean section. ⋯ Routine intramyometrial 15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha, 125 micrograms, does not offer any obvious advantage over intravenous oxytocin, 20 U, in reducing operative blood loss at elective lower-segment cesarean section.