Cell transplantation
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Cell transplantation · Feb 2017
Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Suppress Elastase-Induced Murine Abdominal Aortic Inflammation and Aneurysm Expansion Through Paracrine Factors.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially lethal disease associated with immune activation-induced aortic degradation. We hypothesized that xenotransplantation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) would reduce aortic inflammation and attenuate expansion in a murine AAA model. Modulatory effects of ADSCs on immune cell subtypes associated with AAA progression were investigated using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMNCs) cocultured with ADSCs. ⋯ Intravenously injected ADSCs transiently engrafted in the lung on day 1 without aortic engraftment at any time point. In conclusion, ADSCs exhibit pleiotropic immunomodulatory effects in vitro as well as in vivo during the development of AAA. The temporal evolution of these effects systemically as well as in aortic tissue suggests that ADSCs induce a sequence of anti-inflammatory cellular events mediated by paracrine factors, which leads to amelioration of AAA progression.
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Cell transplantation · Feb 2017
Human Recombinant Antithrombin (ATryn®) Administration Improves Survival and Prevents Intravascular Coagulation After Intraportal Islet Transplantation in a Piglet Model.
Human islet transplantation is a viable treatment option for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, pancreatic islet inflammation after transplantation induced by innate immune responses is likely to hinder graft function. This is mediated by incompatibility between islets and the blood interface, known as instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR). ⋯ However, DIC was only observed in the control group, an effect that was suppressed after ATryn® administration. ATryn® administration increased antithrombin activity by 800%, which remained at 200% for the remaining period of the study, without any hemorrhagic complications. These studies suggest that coadministration of ATryn® and pancreatic islets via intraportal transplantation may be a valuable therapeutic approach for DIC without risk for islets and subjects.