Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Cancer staging is how clinicians describe the state of the disease, predict prognosis, help determine best treatment, and interpret outcomes. Although several staging systems are available, the most widely used is the tumor node metastasis (TNM) system developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer. Knowledge of normal anatomy and the myriad appearances of variations in anatomy is the basis of accurate tumor staging. Cross-sectional imaging is complementary to the clinical examination for accurate staging.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2013
ReviewPitfalls in the staging of cancer of the oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
The face of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is changing. It has a dichotomous nature, with 1 subset of the disease associated with tobacco and alcohol use and the other having proven association with human papilloma virus infection. Imaging plays an important role in the staging and surveillance of OPSCC, and a detailed knowledge of the anatomy and pitfalls is critical. This article will review the detailed anatomy of the oropharynx and epidemiology of OPSS, along with its staging, patterns of spread, and treatment.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2013
ReviewPitfalls in image guided tissue sampling in the head and neck.
Image-guided tissue sampling is becoming increasingly important for management of head and neck cancers. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (UG-FNA) is safe, effective, and has many advantages compared with palpation-guided FNA and computed tomography-guided FNA. ⋯ Proper technique and recognition of pitfalls are critical to successful UG-FNA. Computed tomography-guided FNA is valuable for tissue sampling from deep lesions and for those without a sonographic window for UG-FNA.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2013
ReviewPitfalls in the staging squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx.
To accurately interpret pretreatment and posttreatment imaging in patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), one must understand the complex anatomy of this part of the aerodigestive system. Common patterns of spread must be recognized, andpitfalls in imaging must be understood. This article reviews the epidemiology, anatomy, staging, treatment, and pitfalls in imaging of hypopharyngeal SCC.