Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Schizophrenia (Sz) is a chronic mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thought (such as delusions and confused thinking), perception (hearing voices), and behavior (lack of motivation). The lifetime prevalence of Sz is between 0.3% and 0.7%, with late adolescence and early adulthood, the peak period for the onset of psychotic symptoms. Causal factors in Sz include environmental and genetic factors and especially their interaction. About 50% of individuals with a diagnosis of Sz have lifelong impairment.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2020
ReviewMerging Magnetoencephalography into Epilepsy Presurgical Work-up Under the Framework of Multimodal Integration.
Multimodal image integration is the procedure that puts together imaging data from multiple sources into the same space by a computerized registration process. This procedure is relevant to patients with difficult-to-localize epilepsy undergoing presurgical evaluation, who typically have many tests performed, including MR imaging, PET, ictal single-photon emission computed tomography, magnetoencephalography (MEG), and intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG). This article describes the methodology of such integration, focusing on integration of MEG. Also discussed is the clinical value of integration of MEG, in terms of planning of intracranial EEG implantation, interpretation of intracranial EEG data, planning of final resection, and addressing surgical failures.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2020
ReviewMagnetoencephalography Research in Pediatric Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) research indicates differences in neural brain measures in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developing (TD) children. As reviewed here, resting-state MEG exams are of interest as well as MEG paradigms that assess neural function across domains (e.g., auditory, resting state). To date, MEG research has primarily focused on group-level differences. Research is needed to explore whether MEG measures can predict, at the individual level, ASD diagnosis, prognosis (future severity), and response to therapy.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2020
ReviewPediatric Magnetoencephalography in Clinical Practice and Research.
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique that measures the electromagnetic fields generated by the human brain. This article highlights the benefits that pediatric MEG has to offer to clinical practice and pediatric research, particularly for infants and young children; reviews the existing literature on adult MEG systems for pediatric use; briefly describes the few pediatric MEG systems currently extant; and draws attention to future directions of research, with focus on the clinical use of MEG for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.
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This article provides an overview of research that uses magnetoencephalography to understand the brain basis of human language. The cognitive processes and brain networks that have been implicated in written and spoken language comprehension and production are discussed in relation to different methodologies: we review event-related brain responses, research on the coupling of neural oscillations to speech, oscillatory coupling between brain regions (eg, auditory-motor coupling), and neural decoding approaches in naturalistic language comprehension.