Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2022
ReviewImaging of Facial Reconstruction and Face Transplantation.
Pre- and postoperative imaging is increasingly used in plastic and reconstructive surgery for the evaluation of bony and soft tissue anatomy. Imaging plays an important role in preoperative planning. In the postoperative setting, imaging is used for the assessment of surgical positioning, bone healing and fusion, and for the assessment of early or delayed surgical complications. This article will focus on imaging performed for surgical reconstruction of the face, including orthognathic surgery, facial feminization procedures for gender dysphoria, and face transplantation.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2022
ReviewLymph Node Dissection: Principles and Postoperative Imaging.
The management of neck nodes in head and neck cancer is critical, given a markedly increased poor prognosis in patients with nodal metastasis. The surgical management of neck nodes has undergone radical changes secondary to a paradigm shift from curative surgery to nonsurgical organ and function-preserving options, such as radiation therapy. In the neck after treatment, radiologists should be familiar with imaging findings in various types of neck dissections and post-chemoradiation changes, along with signs of residual or recurrent disease. A multidisciplinary approach is essential with well-designed evidence-based surveillance imaging protocols and standardized reporting.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2022
ReviewAdvanced CT and MR Imaging of the Posttreatment Head and Neck.
Advances in MR and computed tomography (CT) techniques have resulted in greater fidelity in the assessment of treatment response and residual tumor on one hand and the assessment of recurrent head and neck malignancies on the other hand. The advances in MR techniques primarily are related to diffusion and perfusion imaging which rely on the intrinsic architecture of the tissues and organ systems. The techniques exploit the density of the cellular architecture; and the vascularity of benign and malignant lesions which in turn affect the changes in the passage of contrast through the vascular bed. Dual-energy CT and CT perfusion are the major advances in CT techniques that have found significant applications in the assessment of treatment response and tumor recurrence.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2022
ReviewImaging of the Postoperative Skull Base and Cerebellopontine Angle.
For pathologic conditions affecting the skull base and cerebellopontine angle, imaging techniques have advanced to assess for residual disease, disease progression, and postoperative complications. Knowledge regarding various surgical approaches of skull base tumor resection, expected postoperative appearance, and common postsurgical complications guides radiologic interpretation. Complexity of skull base anatomy, small size of the relevant structures, lack of familiarity with surgical techniques, and postsurgical changes confound radiologic evaluation. This article discusses the imaging techniques, surgical approaches, expected postoperative changes, and complications after surgery of the skull base, with emphasis on the cerebellopontine angle, anterior cranial fossa, and central skull base regions.
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Cancers of the pharynx and larynx are treated using a combination of chemotherapeutic, radiation, and surgical techniques, depending on the cancer type, biology, location, and stage, as well as patient and other factors. When imaging in the postsurgical setting, the knowledge of the type of tumor, preoperative appearance, and type of surgery performed is essential for accurate interpretation. Surgical anatomic changes, surgical implants/devices, and potential postsurgical complications must be differentiated from suspected recurrent tumors.