Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Strong foundational knowledge of the anatomy of the cerebral cortex, lobes, and cerebellum is key to guide the search for potential lesions based on clinical presentation and known focal neurologic deficits. This article provides an introduction and overview of cerebral cortical anatomy, including the key sulci that divide the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex, as well as the major gyral and sulcal landmarks within each lobe. The organization of the cerebellum and its major anatomic constituents are also described. Commonly encountered anatomic variants and asymmetries in cerebral cortical anatomy are presented and discussed.
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The 12 cranial nerves (CNs) all have important functions. All, except the accessory nerve, arise solely within the cranial vault. We will discuss each CN function along with its entire CN course. The modality of choice for evaluation of the CN itself is typically MRI, however, CT is very important to access the bony foramina and CN boundaries..
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Understanding normal brain aging physiology is essential to improving healthy human longevity, differentiation, and early detection of diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, which are an enormous social and economic burden. Functional decline, such as reduced physical activity and cognitive abilities, is typically associated with brain aging. The authors summarize the aging brain mechanism and effects of aging on the brain observed by brain structural MR imaging and advanced neuroimaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging and functional MR imaging.
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A central tenet of modern neuroscience is the conceptualization of the brain as a collection of complex networks or circuits with a shift away from traditional "localizationist" theories. Connectomics seeks to unravel these brain networks and their role in the pathophysiology of neurologic diseases. This article discusses the science of connectomics with the examples of its potential role in clinical medicine and neuromodulation in multiple disorders, such as essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and epilepsy.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2022
ReviewAnatomy of the Intracranial Arteries: The Internal Carotid Artery.
The internal carotid artery is an elegant vessel that is segmentally defined by adjacent anatomic landmarks and defined branch vasculature. Here we describe the segmental and branch angiographic anatomy of the internal carotid artery with particular regard to embryologic development, clinically important anastomotic pathways, and cerebrovascular diseases, such as aneurysm development.