Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2013
ReviewPitfalls in image guided tissue sampling in the head and neck.
Image-guided tissue sampling is becoming increasingly important for management of head and neck cancers. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (UG-FNA) is safe, effective, and has many advantages compared with palpation-guided FNA and computed tomography-guided FNA. ⋯ Proper technique and recognition of pitfalls are critical to successful UG-FNA. Computed tomography-guided FNA is valuable for tissue sampling from deep lesions and for those without a sonographic window for UG-FNA.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2013
ReviewPitfalls in the staging squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx.
To accurately interpret pretreatment and posttreatment imaging in patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), one must understand the complex anatomy of this part of the aerodigestive system. Common patterns of spread must be recognized, andpitfalls in imaging must be understood. This article reviews the epidemiology, anatomy, staging, treatment, and pitfalls in imaging of hypopharyngeal SCC.
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Thyroid cancer includes several neoplasms originating from the thyroid gland-from indolent and curable histologies of differentiated thyroid carcinoma to aggressive anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Differentiation of thyroid nodules is problematic on CT and MR imaging unless there is evidence of extrathyroidal extension. Evaluation of regional lymph nodes is often performed clinically or with ultrasound. ⋯ Nuclear scintigraphy is useful for staging and treatment of distant metastasis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. PET may have a role in aggressive cancers. Accurate staging affects surgical management and subsequent therapy.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2013
ReviewPitfalls in the staging of cancer of oral cavity cancer.
Oral cavity cancer comprises nearly 30% of all malignant tumors of the head and neck. After a definitive diagnosis has been made, imaging is essential for staging the primary tumor by evaluating submucosal spread and invasion of adjacent structures, and to identify nodal or distant metastasis. ⋯ Therefore, knowledge of anatomic subsites and spread patterns is critical for accurate staging. This article begins with a discussion of imaging techniques, and then presents a detailed review of normal anatomy followed by imaging's role in tumor staging highlighting potential pitfalls.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2013
ReviewPitfalls in the staging of cancer of the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Laryngeal carcinoma is a devastating malignancy that severely affects patients' quality of life, with compromise of ability to talk, breathe, and swallow. Accurate tumor staging is imperative, because treatment plans focus on laryngeal conservation therapy whenever possible. Although the mucosal extent of tumor and vocal cord mobility is best assessed with endoscopic evaluation, cross-sectional imaging is essential for accurate T-staging, because only cross-sectional imaging can assess the submucosal extent of the tumor, cartilage invasion, and extralaryngeal spread. This article reviews topics crucial for interpreting imaging studies of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.