Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Vision is one of our most vital senses, deriving from the eyes as well as structures deep within the intracranial compartment. MR imaging, through its wide selection of sequences, offers an array of structural and functional imaging tools to interrogate this intricate system. This review describes several advanced MR imaging sequences and explores their potential clinical applications as well as areas for further development.
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Imaging evaluation of the postoperative orbit remains challenging even for the expert neuroradiologist. This article provides a simplified framework for understanding the complex postoperative appearances of the orbit, in an attempt to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of postoperative computed tomography and MR imaging of the orbit. Readers are familiarized with the normal appearances of common eye procedures and orbit reconstructions to help avoid interpretative pitfalls. Also reviewed are imaging features of common surgical complications, and evaluation of residual/recurrent neoplasm in the setting of oncologic imaging surveillance.
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Optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique using low coherence light sources to produce high-resolution cross-sectional images. This article reviews pertinent anatomy and various pathologies causing optic atrophy (eg, compressive, infiltrating, demyelinating) versus optic nerve swelling (from increased intracranial pressure known as papilledema or other optic nerve intrinsic pathologies). On optical coherence tomography, optic atrophy is often associated with reduced average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, whereas optic nerve swelling is usually associated with increased average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2015
ReviewImaging of Orbital Trauma and Emergent Non-traumatic Conditions.
Diagnostic imaging has become critical in the care of patients suffering from traumatic or nontraumatic emergent orbital conditions. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has become the standard imaging modality for assessing orbital trauma because of its accurate assessment of orbital skeletal and soft tissues injuries. ⋯ Conventional angiography is necessary in some vascular orbital complications and allows for endovascular treatment. This article discusses the spectrum of orbital pathology encountered in the imaging of orbital trauma and nontraumatic orbital emergencies.
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Optic neuropathy involves loss of visual acuity, color vision, and visual field defect with a swollen, pale, anomalous, or normal optic disc seen on fundoscopy. Chiasmal disorders classically present with gradual onset of vision loss, bitemporal hemianopsia, and occasionally, endocrinopathy if the pituitary gland and/or hypothalamus are the causes or are involved. ⋯ Some entities have imaging characteristics, leading to appropriate treatment without requiring tissue biopsies. Imaging also provides disease surveillance and posttreatment assessment, with computed tomography and MR imaging being complementary to each other.