International archives of allergy and immunology
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Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. · Jan 2020
Personalized Approach of Severe Eosinophilic Asthma Patients Treated with Mepolizumab and Benralizumab.
New anti-IL-5 antibodies, mepolizumab and benralizumab, have recently been approved for severe asthma, sharing the same inclusion criteria. ⋯ This real-life study provides new insights for the personalized approach to severe asthma therapy. Although preliminary, the results indicate that besides eosinophils, KL-6 and sL-selectin are useful as biomarkers of early response that can also involve in the pathogenesis of severe asthma.
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Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. · Jan 2020
Prevalence and Impact of Type I Sensitization to Alpha-Gal in Patients Consulting an Allergy Unit.
Alpha-gal syndrome is a complex allergy with high clinical relevance regarding mammalian-derived food and drugs and is characterized by the presence of IgE antibodies directed at the carbohydrate galactose-α-1,3-galactose. As not all alpha-gal sIgE-positive individuals pre-sent clinical symptoms upon consumption of mammalian meat, the diagnostic value of alpha-gal sIgE has yet to be clarified. ⋯ In allergy care settings, alpha-gal-sIgE positivity is a common finding. Alpha-gal sIgE is a sensitive marker in the diagnosis of alpha-gal syndrome but has limited predictive value for the characteristics or severity of this allergy.
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Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. · Jan 2020
ReviewJAK Inhibition as a New Treatment Strategy for Patients with COVID-19.
After the advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) commenced across the world. Understanding the Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 is essential for interrupting viral infectivity and preventing aberrant immune responses before a vaccine can be developed. In this review, we provide the latest insights into the roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) and Ang II receptor-1 (AT1-R) in this disease. ⋯ Furthermore, considering the common role of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway in AT1-R expressed on peripheral tissues and cytokine receptors on the surface of immune cells, potential targeting of this pathway using JAK inhibitors (JAKinibs) is suggested as a promising approach in patients with COVID-19 who are admitted to hospitals. In addition to antiviral therapy, potential ACE2- and AT1-R-inhibiting strategies, and other supportive care, we suggest other potential JAKinibs and novel anti-inflammatory combination therapies that affect the JAK-STAT pathway in patients with COVID-19. Since the combination of MTX and baricitinib leads to outstanding clinical outcomes, the addition of baricitinib to MTX might be a potential strategy.
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Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. · Jan 2020
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Mepolizumab Effectiveness in a Real-Life Setting.
Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is the principal cytokine regulating eosinophil growth, differentiation, activation, and expression. It is a specific target of mepolizumab, an anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma. This new drug can improve symptoms, reduce asthma exacerbations and steroid use. Few data are available on its efficacy for nasal symptoms. ⋯ Our study suggests that mepolizumab is effective in improving control of asthma, lung function parameters, exhaled biomarkers, and nasal symptoms in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma.
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Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. · Jan 2020
The Natural Course of Immediate-Type Cow's Milk and Egg Allergies in Children.
Most of children with cow's milk (CM) and hen's egg allergies are known to outgrow their diseases with time, but recent studies have demonstrated that children tend to continue to have allergic symptoms in adolescence and adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the natural course of CM and egg allergies in Korean children and analyze prognostic factors. ⋯ Half of Korean children with CM and egg allergies had symptom resolution at 8.7 and 5.6 years of age, respectively. Our results also suggest that CM- and egg-specific IgE levels at the first reaction are the most significant prognostic factors in predicting acquisition of oral tolerance.