Surgical oncology clinics of North America
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Anesthesia morbidity and mortality, while acceptable, are not zero. Most mishaps have a multifactorial cause in which human error plays a significant part. ⋯ Attention to the system in which the errors occur is important. Modern training with simulators is designed to reduce the frequency of human errors and to teach anesthesiologists how to deal with the consequences of such errors.
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There are disparate variables available to appraise the quality of the laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Currently available data suggest that laparoscopic colectomy can be completed safely in most cases. It is feasible and offers patient-related benefits similar to those described for other laparoscopic procedures. The framework, within which the quality of laparoscopic colon and rectum surgery is appraised and judged, is discussed with an emphasis on diverse outcomes used to measure quality.
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Virtual reality in surgery and, more specifically, in surgical training, faces a number of challenges in the future. These challenges are building realistic models of the human body, creating interface tools to view, hear, touch, feel, and manipulate these human body models, and integrating virtual reality systems into medical education and treatment. ⋯ Each of these areas will need significant improvement for virtual reality to impact medicine successfully in the next century. This article gives an overview of, and the challenges faced by, current systems in the fast-changing field of virtual reality technology, and provides a set of specific milestones for a truly realistic virtual human body.
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Surg. Oncol. Clin. N. Am. · Jan 2000
ReviewQuality of cancer surgery: challenges and controversies.
It is generally accepted that the quality of cancer surgery delivered to a patient impacts the patient's overall prognosis significantly. Often, the fact that all surgery and surgeons are not equal is not considered. Furthermore, it should not be assumed that surgeons who perform a particular operation frequently perform it better. Using breast cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer as examples, this article illustrates that proper surgical education and training are paramount in assuring that both the selection and delivery of a particular procedure is appropriate in the management of cancer.