Journal of sleep research
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Journal of sleep research · Aug 2018
Multicenter StudyMagnetic resonance imaging of the upper airway in patients with quadriplegia and obstructive sleep apnea.
The aim of this study was to investigate upper airway anatomy in quadriplegics with obstructive sleep apnea. Fifty subjects were recruited from three hospitals in Australia: people with quadriplegia due to spinal cord injury and obstructive sleep apnea (n = 11), able-bodied people with obstructive sleep apnea (n = 18), and healthy, able-bodied controls (n = 19). All underwent 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of their upper airway. ⋯ They did, however, have greater volumes of soft palate and lateral pharyngeal walls, possibly due to greater neck fat deposition. The acute response to upper airway topical vasoconstriction was not enhanced in those with obstructive sleep apnea and quadriplegia. Changes in upper airway anatomy likely contribute to the high incidence in obstructive sleep apnea in quadriplegic subjects.
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Journal of sleep research · Aug 2018
The ability to self-monitor cognitive performance during 60 h total sleep deprivation and following 2 nights recovery sleep.
We aimed to investigate whether self-monitoring of performance is altered during 60 h of total sleep deprivation, following 2 nights of recovery sleep, and by task difficulty and/or subjective sleepiness. Forty adults (22 females, aged 19-39 years) underwent a 5-day protocol, with a well-rested day, 66 h total sleep deprivation (last test session at 60 h), and 2 nights of 8 h recovery sleep. An arithmetic task (MATH) with three difficulty levels assessed working memory. ⋯ Subjective sleepiness predicted subjective performance ratings at several time points, only for the Psychomotor Vigilance Task. The ability to self-monitor performance was impaired during total sleep deprivation for working memory and after recovery sleep for the Psychomotor Vigilance Task, but was otherwise accurate. The development of self-monitoring strategies, assessing both subjective perceptions of performance and subjective sleepiness, within operational contexts may help reduce the consequences of sleep-related impairments.