Journal of sleep research
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Journal of sleep research · Dec 2019
Interaction effect of obstructive sleep apnea and periodic limb movements during sleep on heart rate variability.
We aimed at assessing cardiac autonomic function by heart rate variability during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and periodic limb movements during sleep, and to compare it with that of patients with obstructive sleep apnea only, periodic limb movements during sleep only, and controls. We also aimed at investigating the interaction effect between apnea-hypopnea index and periodic limb movement index on heart rate variability. Four groups of patients (n = 42 each, total = 168) were identified based on the presence/absence of obstructive sleep apnea and periodic limb movements during sleep: + obstructive sleep apnea/- periodic limb movements during sleep (5 ≤ apnea-hypopnea index < 30 events per hr), - obstructive sleep apnea/+ periodic limb movements during sleep (periodic limb movement index > 15 events per hr), + obstructive sleep apnea/+ periodic limb movements during sleep, - obstructive sleep apnea/- periodic limb movements during sleep (controls). ⋯ Patients with elevated apnea-hypopnea index and elevated periodic limb movement index exhibited higher sympathovagal balance compared with those with high apnea-hypopnea index and low periodic limb movement index, and compared with those with low apnea-hypopnea index (regardless of periodic limb movement index). Increased sympathetic activation and decreased parasympathetic control appear to be related to the severity of oxygen desaturation. Apnea-hypopnea index and periodic limb movement index had interactive effects on increased sympathovagal balance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
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Journal of sleep research · Oct 2019
Discrepancies in sleep diary and actigraphy assessments in adults with fibromyalgia: Associations with opioid dose and age.
Sleep diary and actigraphy assessments of insomnia symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) are often discrepant. We examined whether opioid dose and age interact in predicting magnitude or direction of discrepancies. Participants (N = 199, M = 51.5 years, SD = 11.7) with FM and insomnia completed 14 days of diaries and actigraphy. ⋯ Opioid dose did not predict magnitude or direction of WASO discrepancies. In FM, a higher opioid dose increases diary/actigraphy SOL and SE discrepancies, and direction of discrepancies may depend on age. We speculate that increased opioid use combined with age-related factors, such as slow wave sleep disruption, increased awakenings and/or cognitive decline, may impact perceived sleep.
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Journal of sleep research · Oct 2019
Use of targeted memory reactivation enhances skill performance during a nap and enhances declarative memory during wake in healthy young adults.
Sleep is an important component of motor memory consolidation and learning, providing a critical tool to enhance training and rehabilitation. Following initial skill acquisition, memory consolidation is largely a result of non-rapid eye movement sleep over either a full night or a nap. Targeted memory reactivation is one method used to enhance this critical process, which involves the pairing of an external cue with task performance at the time of initial motor skill acquisition, followed by replay of the same cue during sleep. ⋯ Participants were allocated to either nap or no nap, and within those groups half received targeted memory reactivation throughout a 1-hr between-session period, leading to four groups. Only participants who slept between sessions while receiving targeted memory reactivation enhanced their throwing accuracy upon beginning the second session. Future studies will aim to use this technique as an adjunct to traditional physical rehabilitation with individuals with neurologic diagnoses such as stroke.
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Journal of sleep research · Oct 2019
Are serum ferritin and transferrin saturation risk markers for restless legs syndrome in young adults? Longitudinal and cross-sectional data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study.
Restless legs syndrome has been associated with serum iron deficiency in clinical studies. However, studies investigating this relationship have had inconsistent results and there are no studies in young adults. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between serum measures of iron stores and restless legs syndrome in young adults in the community. ⋯ There was no association between restless legs syndrome (22 years) and iron stores (17, 22 years) before or after adjustment for potential confounders. There was no association between restless legs syndrome at 22 years and iron stores at 17 or 22 years in this cohort. Serum iron stores may not be a useful indicator of restless legs syndrome risk in young adults in the community.
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Journal of sleep research · Oct 2019
Upper airway stimulation in obstructive sleep apnea improves glucose metabolism and reduces hedonic drive for food.
Upper airway stimulation is a new and effective second-line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, but possible consequences on glucose metabolism and central regulation of food intake are unclear. Twenty patients were prospectively studied before and 12 months after obstructive sleep apnea treatment by upper airway stimulation. Respiratory parameters and daytime sleepiness were assessed to document effectiveness of treatment. ⋯ Upper airway stimulation is effective in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and improves glucose metabolism. Reduced hedonic drive to eat might contribute to these metabolic improvements. These promising findings are in need for long-term controlled evaluation of metabolic sequelae of upper airway stimulation and to mechanistically evaluate the metabolic benefits of upper airway stimulation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.