The American journal of the medical sciences
-
Diabetic ketoacidosis is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus that can be life-threatening if not treated properly. Once thought to occur only in patients with type 1 diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis has been also observed in patients with type 2 diabetes under certain conditions. ⋯ The management of diabetic ketoacidosis involves careful clinical evaluation, correction of metabolic abnormalities, identification and treatment of precipitating and comorbid conditions, appropriate long-term treatment of diabetes, and plans to prevent recurrence. Certain areas need further research, such as indications for the use of bicarbonate and phosphates and the use of intravenous rapid-acting insulin.
-
A 42-year-old woman underwent hemodialysis secondary to diabetic nephropathy. Total parathyroidectomy with forearm autograft was performed due to secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) complicated with calciphylaxis. Rapidly progressive enlargement of autograft with unusual "gourd-shape" developed, and then it was removed. ⋯ Rapidly recurrent HPT originating from both the residual parathyroid tissues and the enlarged autograft within such short time after parathyroidectomy is rare in the literature. The multinodular hyperplasia pattern of the parathyroid gland may be a major factor for such rapid recurrence. In addition to good control of calcium and phosphate, regular follow-up of parathyroid hormone level and imaging studies of not only autografted gland at the forearm but also possibly residual parathyroid tissues at the neck are important for monitoring recurrence in maintenance hemodialysis patients after parathyroidectomy with forearm autograft, especially in those with pathologic type of nodular hyperplasia and calciphylaxis.