The American journal of the medical sciences
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High flow nasal cannulas (HFNCs) provide humidified oxygen at higher flow rates and higher FiO2s than conventional delivery devices and are typically used in special care units. There is limited information on their use in general hospital settings. ⋯ HFNC oxygen therapy is used relatively frequently in their hospital on surgical and medical services. PaO2s and O2 saturations improved when patients were switched to this mode of oxygenation, but some patients subsequently required NIV and/or intubation. Patients on HFNC need careful monitoring for deterioration in their respiratory status.
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Multicenter Study
Characteristics and Risk Factors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Within 72 Hours After Discharge.
To determine the characteristics and risk factors for patients who developed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) within 72 hours after emergency department (ED) discharge. ⋯ A higher discharge heart rate and higher creatinine level are risk factors in these patients.
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Review
Statin Adverse Events in Primary Prevention: Between Randomized Trials and Observational Studies.
Considerable debate exists regarding who might benefit from statins for primary prevention. Statins have wide pleotropic effects, which contribute to their efficacy in lowering cardiovascular disease but may also result in adverse events (AEs). ⋯ Statin use in observational studies may be a surrogate marker for higher socioeconomic standards, access to health care or use of other preventive services. Integrating evidence from both RCTs and observational studies is of paramount importance for appropriate patient-centered decision.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of Self-Rated Health Among Latina Immigrants in a Southern U.S. City and a National Sample.
In the United States, Latinos often report fair/poor self-rated health, which is an indicator for increased morbidity and mortality. Foreign-born Latinos in new immigrant destinations, such as the south, may rate their health more poorly than their counterparts elsewhere in the United States, because of the factors associated with migration and settlement in these communities. ⋯ In this study of Latina immigrants in a new settlement community in the south, women reported worse health than foreign-born Latinas in other U.S. regions, suggesting they may be at increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Future studies are needed to better understand the factors associated with these differences to reduce morbidity and mortality burdens.
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Aortic valve stenosis is the most common valvular disease in the elderly population. Presently, there is increasing evidence that aortic stenosis (AS) is an active process of lipid deposition, inflammation, fibrosis and calcium deposition. The pathogenesis of AS shares many similarities to that of atherosclerosis; therefore, it was hypothesized that certain lipid interventions could prevent or slow the progression of aortic valve stenosis. ⋯ However, some researchers believe that statins may have a benefit early on in the disease process, where inflammation (and not calcification) is the predominant process, in contrast to severe or advanced AS, where calcification (and not inflammation) predominates. Positron emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18F-sodium fluoride can demonstrate the relative contributions of valvular calcification and inflammation in AS, and thus this method might potentially be useful in providing the answer as to whether lipid interventions at the earlier stages of AS would be more effective in slowing the progression of the disease. Currently, there is a strong interest in recombinant apolipoprotein A-1 Milano and in the development of new pharmacological agents, targeting reduction of lipoprotein (a) levels and possibly reduction of the expression of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, as potential means to slow the progression of aortic valvular stenosis.