The American journal of the medical sciences
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Persistent eosinophilia can cause cardiac tissue damage, typically in the form of eosinophilic myocarditis, whether the underlying cause is reactive, a clonal myeloid disorder, or idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). Eosinophilic myocarditis ranges from mild localized disease to multifocal widespread infiltrates associated with myocardial necrosis, thrombotic complications and endomyocardial fibrosis. Systemic treatment varies widely depending on the underlying cause, so thorough investigation and precise diagnosis are essential. ⋯ Those with a myeloid clone often benefit from the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. Steroids are the first-line treatment for idiopathic HES and lymphocyte-variant HES, and hydroxyurea or (pegylated) interferon-α may be used for relapsed or refractory disease. Mepolizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody, is an effective steroid-sparing agent in HES but is not widely available for this indication.
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Painless aortic dissection (PAoD) has been previously linked to poor outcomes. We recently encountered a case of a patient with PAoD presenting with dyspnea; the clue to diagnosis was the presence of a loud aortic diastolic murmur. A systematic review of the literature revealed 86 other cases, 62% of which occurred in men with a mean age of 65 years. ⋯ Cumulatively, 88% of the cases were type A dissection and 51% of the patients died. Erroneous application of fibrinolysis and anticoagulation occurred in multiple instances. PAoD is rare but potentially fatal; a high index of suspicion and a thorough cardiovascular examination are needed to establish the diagnosis before applying possible harmful interventions such as fibrinolysis, vasodilation or anticoagulation.
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Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common complication after radiocontrast exposure. ⋯ Identifying patients at risk is an important step in preventing CIN. Preexisting AF, independent of traditional risk factors, may increase the risk for CIN.
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Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-induced initiation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling cascade is reportedly involved in inflammatory responses during lung injury. Studies have found that volatile anesthetics, such as isoflurane and sevoflurane, inhibit inflammation. This investigation explored the protective effects of propofol and whether propofol potentiates the protective effects of sevoflurane against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. ⋯ Combined exposure to propofol and sevoflurane was more effective than sevoflurane administered alone, suggesting the positive effects of propofol on sevoflurane-mediated anti-inflammatory effects.