The American journal of the medical sciences
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The present review aimed to present the research highlights on C1q/TNF-related protein 1 (CTRP1), a member of the recently discovered family of highly conserved adiponectin paralog proteins, C1q tumor necrosis factor-related proteins. CTRP1 plays an important role in regulating body energy homeostasis and sensitivity to insulin. Studies on animal models have shown that it lowers the concentration of glucose. ⋯ It also promotes atherosclerosis, and a surge in its concentration is correlated with a higher cardiovascular risk in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. In vascular smooth muscle cells, it induces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. An increase in CTRP1 levels is correlated with the progression of the neoplastic process in patients with glioblastoma.
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The potentially lethal infection caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Disease Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved into a global crisis. Following the initial viral infection is the host inflammatory response that frequently results in excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6 and TNFα), developing into a self-targeting, toxic "cytokine storm" causing critical pulmonary tissue damage. ⋯ Inhaled furosemide, a small molecule capable of inhibiting IL-6 and TNFα, may be an agent capable of treating the Coronavirus Disease 2019 cytokine storm in both resource-rich and developing countries. Furosemide is a "repurpose-able" small molecule therapeutics, that is safe, easily synthesized, handled, and stored, and is available in reasonable quantities worldwide.
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The etiology of pleural effusions often remained unknown notwithstanding surgical pleural biopsy and further clinical observation. A better understanding of clinical characteristics of patients with idiopathic pleural effusion (IPE) may improve the ability to differentiate between IPEs and cytology-negative malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) and facilitate the identification of patients requiring invasive investigation. However, little is known about the clinical factors that can help distinguish patients with IPE from those with cytology-negative MPE. ⋯ Using these readily available parameters to identify IPE in patients with cytology-negative exudative effusion of unknown cause can help guide decision-making when choosing to perform an invasive pleural biopsy or to take a conservative approach.
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Review Case Reports
Hyposplenism, Hashimoto's Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Overlap Syndrome (Celiac Disease and Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 1).
Hyposplenism is associated with autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, severe celiac disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, untreated HIV infection and chronic graft-versus-host disease. The aim of this study was to review the existing data on hyposplenism associated with celiac disease and Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis. Our research was based on a clinical case concerning a 41-year-old female who presented with asthenia, fatigue, dyspepsia and chronic diarrhea. ⋯ The intestinal symptomatology of celiac disease is often hid by hypothyroidism-associated autoimmune thyroiditis. Asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic celiac disease associated with Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis is diagnosed by biomarkers. Hyposplenism in celiac disease can occur regardless of the disease stage, latent or symptomatic.