Addiction
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To identify state, local and organizational characteristics associated with local law enforcement agencies' implementation of two dramatically different approaches to enforcement of underage drinking laws: compliance checks and Cops in Shops programs. Compliance checks use underage decoys to attempt to purchase alcohol from retail merchants, while Cops in Shops programs deploy undercover law enforcement officers in alcohol outlets to detect and cite persons under the age of 21 who attempt to purchase alcohol. ⋯ This study used a nationally representative sample of communities to better understand state and local factors that shape local law enforcement agencies' use of two distinct approaches to underage drinking enforcement. The strong link observed between tobacco and alcohol compliance checks may indicate a culture within some law enforcement agencies supporting strict enforcement of age-of-sale laws.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Methadone versus buprenorphine in pregnant addicts: a double-blind, double-dummy comparison study.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of methadone versus buprenorphine treatment in pregnant opioid-dependent women. ⋯ This preliminary study had limited power to detect differences but the trends observed suggest this kind of research is practicable and that further studies are warranted.