Addiction
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Validation and performance of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) among adolescent primary care patients.
The World Health Organization's Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) has strong support as a clinical screening tool and research instrument, but has only been validated with adults. This study evaluated the ASSIST and ASSIST-Lite in an adolescent population. ⋯ The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) is promising as a research and screening/brief assessment tool with adolescents, but revisions to clinical risk thresholds are warranted. The ASSIST-Lite is sufficiently informative for rapid clinical screening of adolescents for cannabis use disorders.
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Multicenter Study
Relative risk of injury from acute alcohol consumption: modeling the dose-response relationship in emergency department data from 18 countries.
To update and extend analysis of the dose-response relationship of injury and drinking by demographic and injury subgroups and country-level drinking pattern, and examine the validity and efficiency of the fractional polynomial approach to modeling this relationship. ⋯ There is an increasing risk relationship between alcohol and injury but risk is not uniform across gender, cause of injury or country drinking pattern. The fractional polynomial approach is a valid and efficient approach for modeling the alcohol injury risk relationship.
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A new oxycodone formulation (Reformulated OxyContin® was released in Australia, early 2014. It was developed as a tamper-resistant ('abuse-deterrent') formulation of the drug. We summarize methods used in the National Opioid Medication Abuse Deterrence (NOMAD) study, which will examine: (i) whether there is a reduction in extra-medical use (including via tampering) of OxyContin® following the introduction of Reformulated OxyContin®; (ii) potential changes in extra-medical use of non-abuse-deterrent forms of oxycodone, other pharmaceutical opioids and illicit drugs; (iii) whether methods of tampering with Reformulated OxyContin® become widespread over time; (iv) Reformulated OxyContin®'s attractiveness on the illicit market; and (v) sales, prescriptions and harms related to OxyContin® and other drugs. ⋯ The study's strengths lie in varied data collections; interrupted time-series analysis; and prospective cohort. To our knowledge, this is one of the most comprehensive and transparently conducted studies conducted to date of the potential impact of an opioid medication upon use, tampering and diversion. Results have the potential to inform policymakers, clinicians, consumers and researchers alike.