Addiction
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The relationship between gestational age at delivery and the severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is poorly understood. Our objective was to compare the length of pharmacotherapy and hospital stay among opioid-exposed infants born during the late pre-term, early term, full term and late term periods. ⋯ Gestational age (pre-term, term or late term) at birth appears to be unrelated to the need for pharmacotherapy to treat neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in late pre-term and term infants. If treatment is needed it may tend to be given for longer in term than pre-term or late term infants.
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Most studies reporting alcohol use among fatally injured victims are subject to bias, particularly those related to sample selection and to absence of injury context data. We developed a research method to estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption and test correlates of alcohol use prior to fatal injuries. ⋯ Nearly one-third of fatal injuries in São Paulo between June 2014 and December 2015 were alcohol-related, with traffic accidents showing a greater association with alcohol use than other injuries. The sampling methodology tested here, including the possibility of adding injury context data to improve population-based estimates of alcohol use before fatal injury, appears to be a reliable and lower-cost strategy for avoiding biases common in death investigations.