The American surgeon
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The American surgeon · Mar 2001
Ultrasound evaluation of the magnitude of pneumothorax: a new concept.
Pneumothorax is commonly seen in trauma patients; the diagnosis is confirmed by radiography. The use of ultrasound where radiographic capabilities are absent, is being investigated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We investigated the ability of ultrasound to assess the magnitude of pneumothorax in a porcine model. ⋯ In 0 x g, the sonographic picture is more diverse; one x g differences between posterior and anterior aspects are diminished. Modest pneumothorax can be inferred by the ultrasound sign of "partial lung sliding." This finding, which increases the negative predictive value of thoracic ultrasound, may be attributed to intermittent pleural contact, small air spaces, or alterations in pleural lubricant. Further studies of these phenomena are warranted.
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The American surgeon · Mar 2001
Infectious complications following duodenal and/or pancreatic trauma.
Patients with pancreatic and/or duodenal trauma often have a high incidence of infectious complications. In this study we attempted to find the most important risk factors for these infections. A retrospective review of the records of 167 patients seen over 7 years (1989 through 1996) at an urban Level I trauma center for injury to the duodenum and/or pancreas was performed. ⋯ The patients with duodenal injuries had significantly lower penetrating abdominal trauma indices, number of intra-abdominal organ injuries, and incidence of hypothermia. On multivariate analysis independent factors associated with infections included hypothermia and the presence of a pancreatic injury. Although injuries to the pancreas and duodenum often coexist it is the pancreatic injury that contributes most to the infectious morbidity.
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Primary venorrhaphy for traumatic inferior vena cava (IVC) injury has been criticized because of the potential for stenosis, thrombosis, and embolism. A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the morbidity and outcome of this method. Thirty-eight patients at our institution had traumatic injuries to the IVC between 1994 and 1999. ⋯ One patient developed a pulmonary embolus. The vast majority of traumatic injuries to the IVC can be managed by direct compression or local clamping and primary venorrhaphy. Direct repairs are associated with a low thrombosis and embolic complication rate.
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The American surgeon · Mar 2001
Concomitant blunt enteric injuries with injuries of the liver and spleen: a dilemma for trauma surgeons.
Prompt identification of enteric injuries after blunt trauma remains problematic. With the increased utilization of nonoperative management of blunt abdominal trauma gastrointestinal disruptions may escape timely detection and repair. The purpose of this study was to evaluate blunt enteric injuries requiring operative repair in adult patients and the association of concomitant hepatic and/or splenic injuries. ⋯ Morbidity was not related to a delay in diagnosis until the period of delay was greater than 24 hours. The nonoperative management of blunt solid organ injury does not delay the detection and treatment of concomitant bowel injuries compared with isolated blunt enteric injuries. Occult enteric injury with solid organ injury has a low incidence and represents a continuing challenge to the clinical acumen of the trauma surgeon.
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The American surgeon · Mar 2001
The effects of triiodothyronine augmentation on antithrombin III levels in sepsis.
Sepsis and multisystem organ failure are often associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation and consumption of coagulation inhibitors such as antithrombin III (ATIII). The "sick euthyroid syndrome" is also seen in association with significant illnesses and consists of decreased levels of circulating triiodothyronine (T3). We evaluated whether T3 supplementation would affect ATIII levels in septic rats. ⋯ T3 supplementation also statistically changed the percentage difference in ATIII levels toward the control (S, 9.6 +/- 2.8; CLP, -37.9 +/- 5.4; CLP + T3, -16.0 +/- 4.5; mean +/- standard error; P < 0.01). T3 supplementation reduced the sepsis-induced decrease in ATIII levels. Whether this was accomplished by decreased consumption or increased production of ATIII via the direct anabolic effect of T3 on acute-phase protein synthesis in the liver is unknown and warrants further investigation.