Der Anaesthesist
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Approximately 14-40% of patients in industrialized countries present with preoperative anemia. Depending on the severity, anemia is associates with increased perioperative morbidity and mortality. One of the most important causes of preoperative anemia is iron deficiency which is usually easy to treat. ⋯ Adequate and early diagnostics of the cause of anemia before treatment is important because treatment options, e.g. with iron, erythropoetin, folic acid and vitamin B12, may be expensive, may have severe side effects, and in the case of a wrong indication, will not improve anemia. In addition, an adequate regeneration of the erythrocyte volume requires time. This review article presents important aspects of the epidemiology and prognostic implications of preoperative anemia, the physiology and pathophysiology of anemia as well as diagnostic features and the evidence base for preoperative treatment options.
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Airway management in patients with an unstable cervical spine requires a cautious approach if secondary damage is to be prevented but the question regarding the optimum method remains unresolved. The primary aim of the study was to investigate whether there were differences between intubation by conventional Macintosh laryngoscopy and placement of a laryngeal tube (LTS-D) with respect to dural sac compression on an unfixed human cadaver model with unstable injuries of the upper cervical spine. Secondary parameters that could be relevant in patients with unstable spinal injuries were also investigated. ⋯ In an unfixed human cadaver model with combined atlanto-occipital dislocation and atlanto-axial instability, placement of the LTS-D caused less reduction in the width of the dural sac than conventional intubation at the level of the craniocervical junction. The LTS-D also caused less angulation and could be placed faster. It could therefore also be advantageous over conventional intubation in living patients with an unstable cervical spine.
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Charging defibrillators prior to analyzing heart rhythms may decrease the no-flow time during rhythm check pauses while resuscitating in cardiac arrest. Although this anticipatory method is already used in some centers little is known about its safety. This study was carried out to confirm the safety and feasibility of the anticipatory method. It was hypothesized that this anticipatory method results in shorter total no-flow times, while other parameters of defibrillation efficacy including defibrillator safety and minimization of peri-shock pauses are unchanged. ⋯ Charging defibrillators before rhythm analysis did not decrease total no-flow time in simulated cardiac arrests but resulted in significantly longer peri-shock pauses exceeding 5 s. No significant differences in defibrillation safety were observed between the groups.
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Dipyrone (metamizole) is widely used for perioperative pain management in countries where it is marketed; however, uncertainty exists concerning the safe use of this drug, specifically considering the rare adverse event of an agranulocytosis. ⋯ The group's recommendations shall be communicated in order to raise medical staff's and patients' awareness of the appropriate use of dipyrone in the perioperative period.