Journal of chromatography. A
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Oxylipins, the oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids, are important signaling molecules in living organisms. Some of them have pro-inflammatory properties, while others act as pro-resolving agents. Oxylipins also play a major role in platelet biology and the progression of thrombo-inflammation. ⋯ Finally, the new enantioselective UHPLC method was applied to analyze releasates from platelets in resting state, and following activation with thrombin. The highest abundant oxylipin in the platelet releasate was 12(S)-HETE, but many other oxylipins were found in the thrombin activated samples, usually as single enantiomers (e.g. 12(S)-HEPE, 11(R)-HETE, 9(R)-HODE, 13-(S)-HODE, 14(S)-HDoHE). The latter was detected at about similar concentration in resting platelet releasates as well. 15-HETE showed elevated levels for both R-and S-enantiomers in releasates of thrombin-activated platelets. 12-HETrE was found presumably as both enantiomers, however, retention time inconsistencies indicate that the R-enantiomer is actually a different compound, maybe another constitutional isomer with different double-bond configuration.
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Processing of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can enhance the efficacy and/or reduce the toxicity. Currently available approaches regarding TCM processing generally focus on a few markers, rendering a one-sided strategy that fail to unveil the involved global chemical transformation. We herein present a strategy, by integrating enhanced multicomponent characterization, untargeted metabolomics, and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), to visualize the chemical transformation and identify the markers associated with the wine steaming of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF), as a case. ⋯ Four markers (10-hydroxyoleoside dimethylester, 8-demethyl-7-ketoliganin, elenolic acid, and salidroside) showed an increasing trend, while another four (neonuezhenide/isomer, verbascoside/isomer, luteoline, and nuzhenal A) decreased in LLF after processing. MSI visualized the spatial distribution in the fruit and indicated consistent variation trends for four major markers deduced by the untargeted metabolomics approach. This integral strategy, in contrast to the conventional approaches, gives more convincing data supporting the processing mechanism investigations of TCM from a macroscopic perspective.