Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
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Multicenter Study
Implementation of the exception from informed consent regulations in a large multicenter emergency clinical trials network: the RAMPART experience.
Clinical trials investigating therapies for acutely and critically ill and injured patients in the earliest phases of treatment often can only be performed under regulations allowing for exception from informed consent (EFIC) for emergency research. Implementation of these regulations in multicenter clinical trials involves special challenges and opportunities. ⋯ Tracking of community consultation and public disclosure activities and feedback facilitates empirical research on EFIC methods in the network and supports quality improvements for future NETT trials. The NETT model used in RAMPART demonstrates how EFIC may be effectively performed in established clinical trial networks.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Long-term follow-up after voluntary human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infection counseling, point-of-service testing, and referral to substance abuse treatment from the emergency department.
Public health initiatives have lowered human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission risk associated with injection drug use in the United States, making sexual risk behaviors a greater source of transmission. Strategies are therefore needed to reduce these risk behaviors among all emergency department (ED) patients who use drugs, regardless of route of administration. Although recent articles have focused on the opportunity for early HIV detection and treatment through an array of ED screening and testing strategies, the effect of voluntary HIV testing and brief counseling (VT/C) on the sexual behaviors of out-of-treatment drug users over time has not yet been reported. ⋯ Voluntary testing and counseling for HIV or sexually transmitted infections, accompanied by referral to drug treatment, for this population of ED cocaine and heroin users was associated with reduction in unprotected sex acts and fewer sex acts while high.
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Multicenter Study
Feasibility of percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of acute asthma exacerbations.
This study assessed the feasibility of an investigational vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) device for treating acute asthma exacerbations in patients not responding to at least 1 hour of initial standard care therapy. ⋯ Percutaneous VNS did not result in serious AEs and was associated with improvements in FEV(1) and perceived dyspnea. Percutaneous VNS appears to be feasible for use in the treatment of moderate to severe acute asthma in patients unresponsive to initial standard care treatment.
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The objective was to evaluate the process of using existing data sources, probabilistic linkage, and multiple imputation to create large population-based injury databases matched to outcomes. ⋯ This project demonstrates the feasibility and describes the process of constructing population-based injury databases across multiple phases of care using existing data sources and commonly available analytic methods. Attention to key linkage variables and decisions for handling missing values can be used to increase match rates between data sources, minimize bias, and preserve sampling design.
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The objective was to identify predictive factors and outcomes associated with patients who leave emergency departments (EDs) without being seen in Victoria, Australia. ⋯ Patients who leave EDs in Victoria, Australia, without being seen are at lower risk of hospital admission and at no greater risk of mortality, but are at higher risk of re-presenting to an ED compared to patients who complete treatment and are discharged home.