Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
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Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · Aug 2020
Anxiety sensitivity and opioid use motives among adults with chronic low back pain.
The opioid epidemic is a significant public health crisis in the United States, and chronic pain is a leading precipitating and maintaining factor for opioid misuse. To better understand substance misuse generally, research has examined motivational models of why people use substances, and pain management and affect-driven coping are cited as primary reasons for opioid misuse. ⋯ Results for the current study support hypotheses that AS is significantly associated with pain management and coping motives (over and above variance of pain intensity) and indirectly associated with opioid misuse status through both motives. These results highlight the importance of better understanding opioid use motives in the context of chronic pain and provide potential treatment targets to add to a growing body of literature targeting psychosocial factors for opioid misuse. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · Feb 2020
Case ReportsA case report illustrating the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cue-induced craving in an individual with opioid and cocaine use disorder.
Nationally, it was estimated that 11.4 million people misused opioids in 2017 with more than 47,000 opioid-related deaths. Although medication-assisted treatment (MAT) has been effective in enhancing treatment retention and decreasing frequency of opioid use, relapse rates for opioids and other substances remain high, emphasizing the importance of investigating novel interventions to augment MAT. One potential treatment approach is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)-a noninvasive, electrophysiological method of neuromodulation. ⋯ Substance-related cues were presented prior to, during, and following these rTMS administration sessions and the subject rated his substance cravings via a 100-point Visual Analog Scale. When compared with his cue-induced craving ratings, there was a mean reduction in craving for heroin and cocaine by ∼60% to 82% following the 7 administration sessions. Although this is a single case, further investigation of rTMS as an augmentation strategy for OUD and polysubstance use is warranted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · Oct 2019
Brief Assessment of Cigarette Demand (BACD): Initial development and correlational results in adults and adolescents.
Developing briefer behavioral economic measures is an important priority to ensure that these measures can be used in a variety of different contexts and to reduce participant burden. We developed and sought to validate a Brief Assessment of Cigarette Demand (BACD). A 17-item Cigarette Purchase Task (CPT) and a 3-item BACD were completed concurrently in 2 community samples of smokers (Study 1, adult smokers [n = 80] with substance use disorders; Study 2, adolescent smokers [n = 81]). ⋯ The CPT and BACD relationships with smoking and nicotine dependence were similar for breakpoint and intensity but not for Omax. As initial findings were mixed, additional validation work is recommended to improve psychometric properties before adoption. Valid brief measures of demand could have utility for research and treatment of addictive disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · Aug 2019
Changes in the composition of cannabis from 2000-2017 in Denmark: Analysis of confiscated samples of cannabis resin.
Globally, recent studies report increases in Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration in seized samples of cannabis for human consumption. This is important, because use of cannabis with a high concentration of THC has been linked to a number of adverse health outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess recent changes in the composition of seized cannabis resin in Denmark by (a) examining THC concentration in samples from Danish forensic laboratories from 2000 to 2017 (N = 430) and (b) examining cannabidiol (CBD) concentration and the THC:CBD concentration ratio in samples from the forensic laboratory in Western Denmark from 2008 to 2017 (N = 147). ⋯ Whereas THC concentration increased, CBD concentration remained stable at ∼6%. In conclusion, the THC concentration of cannabis resin, and THC:CBD concentration ratio, have increased dramatically in Denmark, potentially leading to higher risk of harm to users. Policymakers, treatment professionals, and educators should be aware of this change. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Exp Clin Psychopharmacol · Aug 2019
Introduction to special issue: Therapeutic and abuse-related effects of cannabis and cannabinoids.
In this special issue, we highlight recent human and rodent psychopharmacology research in a series of original reports and reviews on cannabis and cannabis derivatives. This work represents a broad cross-section of current cannabis related research; however, more work in this area is needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).