International journal of behavioral medicine
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The PASS-20 (McCracken and Dhingra, Pain Res Manag 7:45-50, 2002) is a shortened version of the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS), a self-report measure of pain anxiety. The PASS-20 demonstrates good psychometric characteristics but has not yet been validated in a German population. ⋯ The results for the German PASS-20 support the original factor structure and provide evidence of satisfactory psychometric characteristics and usefulness in patients with low back pain.
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This study was conducted to determine what symptom components or conditions of insomnia are related to subjective feelings of insomnia, low health-related quality of life (HRQOL), or depression. ⋯ Among insomnia symptom components, disturbed sleep quality and sleep onset insomnia may be specifically associated with subjective feelings of the disorder. The existence of a depressive state could be significantly associated with not only subjective insomnia but also mental and physical QOL. Our results also suggest that different components of sleep difficulty, as measured by the PSQI, might be associated with mental and physical QOL and depressive status.