Archives de pédiatrie : organe officiel de la Sociéte française de pédiatrie
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This article describes the most current and effective means for providing sedation and analgesia for the pediatric patient. Three basic levels for sedation can be defined: conscious sedation, deep sedation and general anesthesia. ⋯ Providing safe and effective sedation and analgesia to children requires appropriate selection of drugs and dosage, proper monitoring, knowledge of potential side effects, and adequate airway management equipment and personnel. Agents available for sedation and analgesia of children and therapeutic options according to different clinical situations are described.
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Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a multisystem disorder with hyperphagia and obesity. Breathing disorders such as snoring, sleep apnea syndrome, and sleep hypoventilation have also been reported. ⋯ Patients with PWS may develop respiratory symptoms sufficient by severity to be life threatening. They are related to morbid obesity and are influenced by a hypocaloric diet. Follow-up of patients with this syndrome must include repeated respiratory evaluation.
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Mild methemoglobinemia is a known side-effect of one of the constituents of EMLA cream, this topical local anesthetic is used with great caution in neonates. ⋯ EMLA cream is effective and safe in neonates including preterms, when it is applied in a small amount once a day.