Human pathology
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Although a hyperplastic polyp (HP) shares morphological and molecular features with a sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P), HPs and SSA/Ps are considered nonneoplastic and neoplastic epithelial polyps, respectively. Because HPs and SSA/Ps cover the morphological spectrum, we hypothesized that an intermediate serrated polyp (ISP) might exist between an HP and an SSA/P in terms of both morphological and molecular aspects. An ISP was defined as a serrated lesion that carries distorted crypts (columnar crypt dilation, irregularly branching crypts, or horizontally arranged basal crypts) in less than 3 consecutive crypts. ⋯ Proximally located microvesicular HPs and ISPs were higher in the number of methylated markers but lower in the frequency of BRAF mutation than distally located ones. However, SSA/Ps did not show any difference in the number of methylated markers and the frequency of BRAF mutation between proximally and distally located lesions. Our findings that serrated polyps, intermediate between HPs and SSA/Ps in terms of morphological features, display molecular alterations intermediate between those of HPs and SSA/Ps suggest the presence of ISPs between HPs and SSA/Ps.
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Patients with cholangiocarcinoma often present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. There is a need for effective therapeutic strategies for advanced stage cholangiocarcinoma. Recently, FGFR2 translocations have been identified as a potential target for tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies. ⋯ This study also assessed 100 cholangiocarcinomas for ERBB2 amplification and ROS1 translocations. Of the cases tested, 3% and 1% were positive for ERBB2 amplification and ROS1 translocation, respectively. These results confirm that FGFR2, ERRB2, and ROS1 alterations are potential therapeutic targets for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.