Human pathology
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a major breakthrough in the field of oncology. Targets for approved immune checkpoint inhibitors are cytotoxic T-lymphocytes-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death receptor 1/ programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1). Five patients (four males and one female) were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced melanoma (stage III). ⋯ Sarcoid-like granulomatous inflammation is an adverse event in patients treated with immune checkpoint therapy such as Ipilimumab and Nivolumab. It can present as enlarged lymph nodes in PET/CT imaging suspicious for malignancy. FNA can serve as a minimally invasive tool to investigate the underlying cause of lymphadenopathy in this subset of patients.