Shock : molecular, cellular, and systemic pathobiological aspects and therapeutic approaches : the official journal the Shock Society, the European Shock Society, the Brazilian Shock Society, the International Federation of Shock Societies
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All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is a derivative of vitamin A with antiproliferative properties. Endotoxin shock and subsequent immunosuppression (IS) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates myelopoiesis with expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Since we have previously shown that ATRA reverses the IS state by decreasing functional MDSC, our aim was to investigate if ATRA was able to modulate MDSC generation by regulating myelopoiesis in murine hematopoietic organs. ⋯ Our results indicate, for the first time, a new use of ATRA to abolish LPS-induced myelopoiesis, affecting the proliferation of precursor cells, and in consequence, decreasing MDSC generation, having a direct impact on the improvement of immune competence. Administration of ATRA could overcome the immunosuppressive state generated by sepsis that often leads to opportunistic life-threatening infections. Therefore, ATRA could be considered a complementary treatment to enhance immune responses.
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Crush syndrome (CS) is a serious medical condition characterized by muscle cell damage resulting from pressure. CS has a high mortality, even when patients receive fluid therapy. We examined whether administration of NaNO2-containing fluid can improve survival in a rat model of CS. ⋯ Treatment with 200 μmol/kg NaNO2 prevents muscle damage induced by ischemia reperfusion via the protective effects of NO and suppression of systemic inflammation, thereby increasing survival rates in CS.
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Buprenorphine is the recommended analgesic for post-surgical pain and associated stress in small animal research. Our aim was to examine the effect of isoflurane anesthesia and buprenorphine analgesia on blood coagulation in the rat using rotational thromboelastometry. ⋯ We conclude buprenorphine analgesia significantly increased clot strength without affecting fibrinolysis, and increased plasma fibrinogen, implying that the drug increased liver fibrinogen synthesis and release. Possible implications for small animal research are discussed.
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The Model for End Stage Liver (MELD) score is validated to predict pretransplant mortality. However, as a predictor of postoperative outcomes, its utility has proven inconsistent. Recently developed MELD-Lactate models better predict 30-day survival as compared with the MELD and MELD-Sodium scores. ⋯ For in-hospital mortality, the original MELD-Lactate model had slightly higher c-statistic (0.739) compared with the Mount Sinai MELD-Lactate model (0.734). Despite the distribution differences in the MELD-Lactate models, the model validation results, both from cross-validation and bootstrap methods, were similar. Postoperative MELD-Lactate and isolated postoperative lactate values were moderately predictive of 30-day and in-hospital mortality following liver transplantation in this patient cohort.
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Review Meta Analysis
An Open Lung Strategy in the Management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
An open lung strategy (OLS) that includes positive end expiratory pressure and recruitment maneuvers during mechanical ventilation is probably an important treatment method in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the effect of OLS is unknown. We therefore hypothesized that patients with ARDS may benefit from OLS treatment. ⋯ Results from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that OLS during mechanical ventilation significantly reduces mortality among patients with ARDS.